Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTO - Exam 2 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

List the layers of the skin.

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does a keratinocyte require to mature?

A

25-50 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the epidermal layers (deep to superficial).

A 
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Locations of thick skin

A

palms and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Locations of thin skin

A

Skin other than palms and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell organization of stratum basale

A

single layer of columnar to cuboidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell organization of stratum spinosum

A

cuboidal, polygonal, slightly flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epidermal cell layer that accumulates fibrillar protein (cytokeratin), which aggregates to form tonofibirls.

A

Stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell organization in stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers of flattened polygonal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epidermal layer consisting of 15-20 layers of flattened non nucleated cells filled with keratin.

A

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epidermal layer that possesses lipid bilayers in intercellular spaces.

A

Stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Staining features of stratum granulosum.

A

Basophilic (keratohyaline granules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epidermal layer only present in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Staining features of stratum lucidum.

A

Thin layer of eosinophilic, newly keratinized cells, no organelles or nuclei present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eleiden

A

Transformation product of keratohyaline found in stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Squames

A

dead flattened cells found in stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tonofibrils

A

keratin intermediate filaments associated with desmosomes - present in stratum basale spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Response to epidermal injury

A

Basal cells migrate & divide to cover wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vitamin necessary for proper skin healing that aids in keratinocyte differentiation

A

Retinol (Vitamin A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

First degree burn extends down to ________

A

Stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Second degree burn extends down to ________

A

Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Third degree burn extends into ________

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glycolipid product in stratum granulosum that serves as a penetration barrier?

A

Acylglucoceramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is responsible for linking the cytoplasmic side of cell membranes in the stratum corneum

A

Involucrin-small proline rich protein-loricrin complex + keratin-fillagrin aggregates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What protein most directly associations with multilamellar lipid?

A

Involucrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Epidermal layer where melanocytes are found

A

Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What enzyme is required for melanin synthesis?

A

Tyrosinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What organelle is responsible for melanin formation?

A

Melanosomes (derived from Golgi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Lack of _______ causes overproduction of ACTH. This leads to _______.

A

Cortisol (from adrenal cortex), increased skin pigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cause of albinism

A

Melanocytes do not make melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Vitiligo

A

depigmentation caused by destroyed/patchy melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How is melanin produced?

A

Oxidation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihyroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) by tyrosinase. Dopa is the transformed to melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Effect of Addison’s disease on pigmentation

A

Addison’s disease = lack of cortisol > increase in ACTH > hyperpigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Origin of Langherhan’s cells

A

Bone marrow derived - macrophage lineage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Unique membrane-bound, rod-like to racquet shaped granules

on Langerhan’s cells

A

Birbeck or vermiform granules

36
Q

Birbeck or vermiform granules

A

Unique membrane-bound, rod-like to racquet shaped granules

on Langerhan’s cells

37
Q

Contents of Birbeck granules

A

langerin (CD207) protein -necessary for antigen uptake

38
Q

Location of Merkel’s cells

A

Thick skin of palms and soles

39
Q

Tactile epithelial cell associated with sensory nerve endings, also 2-point differentiation

A

Merkel’s cells

40
Q

Merkel’s cells

A

Tactile epithelial cell associated with sensory nerve endings, also associated with 2-point differentiation

41
Q

Distinguishing cytoplasmic characteristic of Merkel’s cells

A

Small dense granules - may be related to catecholamine containing granules of neurosecretory cells

42
Q

State the (potentially) significant relationship between polyoma virus and Merkel’s cells

A

Polyoma virus may be associated with the development of Merkel cell carcinoma (which is rare but aggressive)

43
Q

What is unique about the cell-to-cell interactions of Langerhan’s cells

A

They are mobile and do not form desmosomal attachments

44
Q

Dermal structure that integrates dermis with epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

45
Q

Epidermal counterpart to dermal papillae

A

Epidermal/rete ridges

46
Q

Anchoring fibrils

A

Collagenous fibrils extend from the basal lamina and terminate in anchoring plaques to bind the dermis to the epidermis

47
Q

Outermost layer of loose connective tissue

A

Papillary layer

48
Q

Collagenous fibrils extend from the basal lamina and terminate in anchoring plaques to bind the dermis to the epidermis

A

Anchoring fibrils

49
Q

Layer of dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Reticular layer

50
Q

Structures contained in dermis

A

Follicles, sweat & sebaceous glands, nerves

51
Q

Dermal layer that houses extensive capillary network

A

Papillary layer (functions in thermoregulation)

52
Q

Location of Pacinian corpuscles

A

In hypodermis near dermis-hypodermis junction

53
Q

Tissue composition of hypodermis

A

Loose CT and adipose

54
Q

What makes up a hair root?

A

epidermal cells covering the dermal papilla

55
Q

Smooth muscle bundles extending from dermis papillary layer to hair follicle connective tissue sheath

A

arrector pili

56
Q

State the layers of a hair follicle (deepest to most superficial)

A

Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle Internal root sheath, external root sheath, glassy membrane, connective tissue sheath

57
Q

Layer of hair follicle consisting of fusiform, heavily keratinized cells

A

hair cortex

58
Q

Cells at apex of the dermal papilla produce large vacuolated, moderately keratinized cells

A

Hair medulla

59
Q

Thickened basal lamina that separates that separate hair follicle from dermis

A

Glassy membrane

60
Q

Explain the role of hair follicles in wound healing.

A

Clonogenic keratinocyte stem cells migrate from hair follicle to epidermis

61
Q

Approximately how many sebaceous glands are there per square cm of skin?

A

100 (400-600 on face, forehead, and scalp)

62
Q

Where are sebaceous glands not found?

A

Palms and soles

63
Q

What class of glands are sebaceous glands?

A

holicrine

64
Q

What is sebum?

A

dead cells + cell contents

65
Q

What class of glands are sweat glands?

A

Merocrine

66
Q

What type of nerve fibers do sweat glands receive?

A

Cholinergic

67
Q

Where is the secretory portion of sudoriferous gland located?

A

Deep in dermis

68
Q

What type of cells are contained in a sudoriferous gland.

A

Myoepithelial
Dark cells
Clear cells

69
Q

What is the function of dark cells in a sudoriferous gland?

A

Secrete glycoproteins

70
Q

What is the function of clear cells in a sudoriferous gland?

A

Secrete H2O and electrolytes into intercellular canaliculi

71
Q

Describe the secretion of a sudoriferous gland.

A

Non-viscous, little protein, contains H2O, NaCl, urea, ammonia, uric acid.

72
Q

State where apocrine glands are located.

A

Axillary, areolar, and anal regions

73
Q

What is the mechanism of secretion for apocrine sweat gland?

A

Merocrine (It is NOT apocrine)

74
Q

Type of innervation to apocrine glands.

A

Adrenergic nerve fibers

75
Q

Describe the secretion of an apocrine gland.

A

Viscous protein containing

76
Q

What makes of a finger/toe nail?

A

Plates of keratinized epithelial cells.

77
Q

Eponychium

A

AKA Cuticle, formed by stratum corneum

78
Q

Liver spots

A

Not liver related. Simple a freckle resulting from sun exposure

79
Q

Precancerous skin condition that presents as thick scaly patches of skin

A

Actinic keratosis

80
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Precancerous skin condition that presents as thick scaly patches of skin

81
Q

90% of all skin cancers, is slow growing and treatable if found early.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

82
Q

Frequently develops from sun damaged areas

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

83
Q

Cancer derived from melanocytes. Hard to treat once metastasized.

A

Malignant melanoma

84
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Cancer derived from melanocytes. Hard to treat once metastasized.

85
Q

Immune mediated genetic disease producing red scaly patches of skin due to inflammation and hyperplasia. Often associated with joint problems.

A

Psoriasis (joint problems = psoriatic arthritis)

HISTO - Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions