Cartilage and bone

Question 1

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 1

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 2

Which type of collagen have a perichondrium?

Answer 2

Hyaline and elastic

Question 3

What is the temporary skeleton of a fetus made of?

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

What makes up the hyaline cartilage matrix?

Answer 4

Proteoglycan aggregates (chondroitin, keratin sulfate, hyaluronic acid) embedded in type II collagen

Question 5

Area directly adjacent to chondrocytes. What is this area rich in? Poor in?

Answer 5

Territorial matrix.
Rich in glycosaminoglycans
Poor in collagen

Question 6

How does the territorial matrix stain?

Answer 6

Basophilic

Question 7

Layer of dense irregular connective tissue - surrounds hyaline and elastic cartilage.

Answer 7

Perichondrium

Question 8

What provides blood supply cartilage? (Remember that cartilage is avascular.)

Answer 8

Perichondrium

Question 9

Group of 2-8 cells sharing the same lacunae in hyaline cartilage.

Answer 9

Isogenous group

Question 10

Where is elastic cartilage located?

Answer 10

Epiglottis, external ear, eustachian tube, epiglottis, larynx

Question 11

Describe the structural pattern of fibrocartilage.

Answer 11

Alternating rows of fibroblast-derived chondrocytes & thick bundles of type I collagen.

Question 12

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 12

Areas where support and tensile strength are required:

IV disks, articular disks, pubic symphis, tendon and ligament insertions, knee joint menisci.

Question 13

What does bone matrix consist of primarily?

Answer 13

hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 14

What makes up the organic portion of bone matrix?

Answer 14

Type I collagen

Question 15

What type of bone is first formed during fetal development and repair?

Answer 15

Primary bone (immature, woven bone)

Question 16

What are the two types of secondary bone (mature, lamellar)

Answer 16

Compact bone and spongy bone

Question 17

Layer of non calcified connective tissue covering bone on external surfaces (except at synovial articulations)

Answer 17

Periosteum

Question 18

What type of collagen are Sharpey’s fibers (located within bone periosteum)?

Answer 18

Type I

Question 19

What is the function of Sharpey’s fibers?

Answer 19

Attach periosteum to bone and distributes blood vessels to bone

Question 20

What bone structure is a source of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts?

Answer 20

Endosteum

Question 21

Howship’s lacuna?

Answer 21

Depression in bone created by osteoclast.

Question 22

Excess pituitary hormone in adults. Leads to very thick bones in extremities and parts of the fascial skeleton.

Answer 22

Acromegaly.

Question 23

Calcium deficiency in adults

Answer 23

Osteomalacia

Question 24

Osteomalacia in children. Primarily due to Vit D deficiency.

Answer 24

Rickets