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Anatomy > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

0
Q

Skin functions

A

-protection 1st line of defense against any foreign object
-sensation thermal, mechanical , pain
-thermoregulation helps regulate temp
-metabolic sunshine to vitamin d
Anti dehydration

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1
Q

General features of integument

A
  • Largest organ in body
  • Durable -reparable - elastic
  • waterproof -antibacterial but covered with bacteria
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2
Q

Skin cutaneous membrane has how many layers?

A

3 layers

Epidermis

Dermin underline

Hypodermis layer / subcutaneous layer beneath skin.

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3
Q

Skin appendages or accessory structures of integumentary system

A

Hair
Glands
Nails

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4
Q

3 regions of integument

A

Epidermis(stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis(deeper layer of dense irregular & areolar(loose) CT

Hypodermis(subcutaneous layer)

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5
Q

Epidermal cell types

A 
Keratinocytes dead inactive cells
Keratinocytes active cells. 80%
Dendritic cells 4%
Melanocytes 15%
Tactile cells 1%
Sensory nerve ending
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6
Q

Give four cell populations found in epidermis? And role

A

Keratinocytes major skin cell undergoes keratinization & sloughing 80%

Melanocytes gives skin color 15%

Dendritic - immune activity 4%

Tactile- touch sensor 1%

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7
Q

4 epidermal layers

Thin skin?

A
  1. Stratum basale ( deepest layer)
  2. Stratum spinosum ( mitosis occurs)
  3. Stratum granulosum ( keratinization w/ protein keratin)
  4. Statum corneum ( dead skin)
    * Statum lucidum only in thick skin **
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8
Q

Five strata epidermal layers of thick skin?

A
  1. Stratum basale ( deepest layer)
  2. Stratum spinosum (mitosis occurs)
  3. Stratum granulosum ( keratinization w/ protein keratin)
  4. Stratum lucidum ( protein eleidin)
  • lucidum only in think skin*
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9
Q

Thick skin found?

A

Found on soles of feet and toes
Found on palms and fingers
No hair follicles

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10
Q

Thick skin found?

A

Found everywhere else on body
Thick corneum
No lucid layer
Eyelids is thinnest in body

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11
Q

Fate of keratinocytes

7 events in the life of keratinocyte

A

Going from Bottom up

  1. Mitosis
  2. Migration
  3. Pigmentation
  4. Keratinization
  5. Cytolysis
  6. Detachment
  7. Exfoliation
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12
Q

papillary layer of dermis role?

A

Attachment
Areolar ct
Vadcularization nourishment
Sensation

Superficial region of dermis

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13
Q

What two layers make up the dermis?

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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14
Q

Reticular layer if the dermis role is?

A
  • dense irregular ct
  • strength
  • sensation
  • hair erection
  • secretion
  • deeper portion of dermis***
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15
Q

Stratum lucidum found only in?

A

Think skin

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16
Q

Stratum Basel is the ____ layer

A

Deepest

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17
Q

Keratinocytes ? Are? 80%

A

Most abundant cell type in epidermis, in the stratum baseless large keratinocyte stem cells divide new keratinocytes that replace the dead ones that shead from surface

18
Q

Dendritic cells are? 4%

A

Play important role in initiations an immune response

Star shaped!

19
Q

Melanocytes are?

15%

A

Have long branches they have cytoplasmic process and transfer pigment granules called melanosomes it shields the DNA with in the nucleus from ultraviolet radiation.

20
Q

Tactile cells are? 1%

A

Few in number sensitive to touch when co
Pressed they release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve ending. Provides info that’s objects are touching the skin! 1%

21
Q

Epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?

A

Composed of areolar ct , dermal papillae interlock w/ epidermal ridges

increase surface area of attachment

Ridges are on top
Papillae on bottom

22
Q

Each papillae contains?

A

Blood vessels, arteries , vains, nerves

Increases nourishment for epidermis cells

23
Q

What is the role of dermal papillae ?

A

Contains capillaries that supply nutrients to cells if epidermis

Also houses sensory receptors

24
Q

One square inch is skin on human hand contains _____ feet of nerves?

A

72 feet

25
Q

Papillary layer contains ?

A

Blood vessels

Tactile corposcles

26
Q

Reticule layer consisted of?

A

Lamellared corposcles,tactile corposcles, blood vessels, hair follicles, arrector pili muscle that’s attached to hair, nerves,sweatglands and ducts, sebaceous glands, collagenous & elastic fibers

27
Q

What happens when arrector pili muscle contracts?

A

Pulls on follicles, elevating the hairs to produce goose bumps

28
Q

Process of skin pigmentation ?

A

Melanosomes ( small black dots) transformed to melanosomes

Melanosomes ( contains melanin) transferred to keratinocytes (color)

29
Q

Lines of coverage? What is their significance during surgery??

A

Parallel collagenous lines.

They identify the predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers. In reticular layer of dermis.

Resulting on faster healing & resist stress

30
Q

Various aspects of aging relating to skin?

A

More wrinkles / fibers change.
Less immune response.

Fewer melanocytes.(pale).
Reduced repair .
Fewer hair follicles ( hair loss).
Change in fat & hair distribution .
Reduced blood supply.
Reduced elasticity ( wrinkles)
Thin dermis .
Less sweat .
Thin epidermis .
Dry epidermis.
31
Q

Hair structure

A
  • Hair shaft
  • Hair root
  • Arrector pili muscle
  • Hair follicle
  • Hair blab
  • Hair papillus ( nerve ending, blood vessels.
32
Q

Hair functions

A 
Protection.
Thermoregulation.
Communication.
Sensation.
Visual identification.
Chemical dispersal.
33
Q

Nail structure?

A

Lunula– white part on nail on top

Eponychium — cuticle

Nail bed —- right above fat

Nail root w/ matrix —- fatty park behind nail root

Hyponychium. —- beneath nail

35
Q

Apical part of epidermis?

A

Free border

36
Q

Basel part of epidermis?

A

Attached border

37
Q

Nails

Nail grow from?
Finger nails or toes grow faster?
Which hand nails grow faster?
Which finger grows the fastest?

A
  • Nails grow from matrix
  • fingernails grow faster then toenails
  • the hand you favor nails grow faster
  • middle finger nail grows the fastest
38
Q

How many types of Exocrine glands?

What are they?

A
  • secrete onto a surface.
  • 2 types
    1. Sweat glands & 2. Sebaceous glands
39
Q

Sweat glands? How many types? Where do they release their secretion ?

A

Sweat glands produce watery solution.

Two types are ..
1. Merocrine gland ( release their secretion onto surface of the skin)

  1. Apocrine glands ( release their secretions onto hair follicles)
40
Q

Merocrine sweat gland secretes onto?

A

Are simple coiled tubular glands that release secretion onto surface of skin.

  • Palms
  • Soles of feet
  • Forehead
41
Q

Apocrine swear glands secrete onto?

A
  • Release into hair follicles..
  • Armpits ( axillae)
  • groin. (pubic region )
42
Q

Men sweat ____ % more than women ?

A

40%

43
Q

How many sweat glands on average human?

A

2 million

44
Q

How many calories burned for every liter if sweat?

A

540 calories

Anatomy (11 decks)

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