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Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Organizational Scheme

Levels of Organization

A 
Chemical Level
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System 
Organismal Level
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2
Q

Plasma Membrane

A
  • the gatekeeper
  • sometimes called cell membrane
  • forms outer layer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from external environment.
  • responsible for what leaves and enters the cell
  • all Eukaryotic cells have one.
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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Located between plasma membrane & nucleus

3 components are 1. Cytosol 2. Inclusions 3. Organelles.

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4
Q

3 organelles are?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Mitochondrion

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5
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • Protein Maker
  • located between the nucleus and cell membrane
  • where proteins are made
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6
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth ER

A

Synthesizes lipids. Metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and alcohol

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7
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Rough ER

A

Synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane & lysosomal enzymes, transports and stores molecules

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8
Q

Golgi Body/ apparatus

A
  • Responsible for modifying & packaging
  • Takes info from rough ER and packages so available to other cells.

Transports secretory & lysomal protein ….. Post office

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9
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Able to transform food in which the cell can use ( energy )

-powerhouse =ATP

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10
Q

Microvilli

A
  • Increases surface area for absorption
  • example.. Your intestines for digestion
  • they extend from surface of the plasma membrane.
  • have no power movement
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11
Q

Nucleus Functions

A
  1. Control Center
  2. Cell reproduction
    ( responsible for cell to divide process is mitosis)
    -Core of the control center
    -shape mirrors the shape of the cell
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12
Q

Nucleus Contains 3 Basic Structures

A
  1. Nuclear Envelope
  2. Nucleoli
  3. Chromatin
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13
Q

How many cells in body?

A

50-100 Trillion Cells

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14
Q

How many Cell types?

A

200 Cell Types

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15
Q

How many organ systems ?

A

11 organ systems

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16
Q

How many tissue types?

A

4

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17
Q

Name the 4 tissue types

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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18
Q

4 Functions of Epithelial Tissue?

A
  1. Covers surfaces= Protection
  2. Sensory reception= Feeling
  3. Lines internal spaces= Absorption/Filtration
  4. Glandular= Secretion
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19
Q

7 features or characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Cellularity ( all made up of cells )
  2. Polarity ( free boarder, has point of attachment
  3. Basement Membrane (attached boarder)
  4. Adherent (cells next to each other)
  5. innervated ( nerves, no blood vessels)
  6. Regenerative ( can be replaced )
  7. avascularity ( lack of blood vessels)
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20
Q

Nucleus?

A
  • cells control center
  • directs the functional & structural characteristics of the cell.
  • DNA carrier of the genetic code
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21
Q

Squamous Cell

A
  • Are flat, wide and irregular in shape

- Nucleus looks like a flattened disc

22
Q

Cuboidal Cell

A
  • Are about as tall as they are wide
  • No squared edges
  • nucleus located in center of the cell
23
Q

Columnar

A
  • Slender and taller than they are wide

- Each cell nucleus is oval located in the basal region

24
Q

Simple Epithelium

A

1 layer

25
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

More than 1 layer

26
Q

Simple squamous epithelium found where???

A

The heart

Lining in air sacs in lungs & blood vessels

27
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium found ??

A

Kidneys

Thyroid glad follicles of ducts & secretary regions of glands suffice ovary.

28
Q

Goblet Cells

A
  • The glands
  • secret mucin with water it forms mucus.
  • Mucin and water create mucus

Wine glass

29
Q

Pseudostratified Epithelium is found where?

A

Nasal Cabby

Ciliates form lines most of respiratory tract

30
Q

Transitional found where?

A

Urinary bladder & urethra

31
Q

Transitional epithelium do what?

A
  • Go from thin to thick

- cells are extendable

32
Q

Three plans of section

A

Coronal— crown
Transverse—upper and lower horizontal
MidSagittal—cut in half

33
Q

Name all body systems

A
  1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive
34
Q

Anterior

A

Front

35
Q

Posterior

A

Back

36
Q

Superior

A

Up towards head

37
Q

Inferior

A

Down towards feet

38
Q

Medial

A

Midline

39
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

40
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to the point of attachment

41
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from point of attachment

42
Q

What is histology?

A

Study of tissues how groups of specialized cells and products function for a common purpose

43
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A

Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

Exp. external and internal lining of organs.
Little extracellular matrix between cells and NO blood vessels penetrate epithelium

44
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

Protects supports and interconnects body parts and organs.

45
Q

Muscle tissue functions

A

Protects movement

Facilitates move my of skeleton or organ walls

46
Q

Nervous tissue function

A

Conducts impulse for internal communication

Involves neurons and glial cells

47
Q

Columnar non ciliated found where?

A

Lining of digestive tract, lining of stomach.

No goblet cells

48
Q

Columnar ciliated found where?

A

Lining of uterine tubes

And larger bronchioles of respiratory tract

49
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

-Single layer of cells w varying heights
-appears multilayered
- all cells connect to basement membrane
-not all reach apical surface
Function is to protect ciliated form. Involved in secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across surface by ciliary action

50
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function?

A

Protection ciliated form, involved in secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across surface by ciliary action

Anatomy (11 decks)

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