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Anatomy > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

0
Q

How many types of cartilage?

What are they?

A

3 types.

  1. Fibrocartilage
  2. Hyaline Cartilage
  3. Elastic Cartilage
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1
Q

5 general functions of bone?

A

Support ( support to body)

Storage ( stores calcium)

Protection

Leverage ( movement, muscles attach to bone and give movement )

Hemopoiesis ( formation of blood cells)

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2
Q

Fibrocartilage characteristics and location?

A

Provides toughness and flexibility to acts as shock absorber and resists compression..

Found in..
Pubic symphysis & intervertebral discs, and knee joints

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3
Q

Hyaline Cartilage characteristics and location?

A
  • Most common/ abundant type.
  • weakest cartilage
  • supports soft tissue
  • forms most of fetal skeleton

Found in…

  • Nose -Articular cartilage of joints
  • Trachea. -
  • Larynx
  • Costal
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4
Q

Elastic cartilage characteristics and location?

A

Elastic cartilage resists deformational pressure.

Located…

Epiglottis & external part of ear.

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5
Q

New borns have how many bones ?

A

350 bones

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6
Q

Adults have how many bones?

A

206 bones

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7
Q

Axial skeleton is composed if 3 regions? How many bones total?

A

Skull ( 29 )

Thoracic-cage ( 25)

Vertebral column ( 26 )

80 total bones in axial skeleton!!!

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8
Q

Appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the appendages

How many of each and total?

A

Girdles ( 6 )

Upper appendages ( 60 )

Lower appendages ( 60 )

Appendicular skeleton 126 total..

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9
Q

Basic features of long bone?

A
  • Have greater length than width.
  • have diaphysis/ shaft (middle part)
  • have epiphysis ( bone ends) for bone on bone articulation
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10
Q

Classification of bones?

A

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular , sesamoid, sutural

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11
Q

Long bone classification? Example?

A

Upper limb. Lower limb

  • Humerus - femur
  • Ulna. - fibula
  • Radius - tibia
  • Phalanges -phalanges
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12
Q

Short Bone classification example?

A

Have length nearly equal to width.

External surface have compact bone

Interior spongy bone.

Examples : carpals - tarsals -sesamoid bones - patella ( largest sesamoid bone)

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13
Q

Flat bone classification

Example?

A

Flat thin surface, composed of roughly parallel surfaces of compact bone., with a layer of internally placed spongy bone.

Muscle attachment and protect underlying soft tissues.

** roof of skull , scapulae , sternum , Ribs.

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14
Q

Irregular Bone classification?

Example?

A

Elaborate complex shapes.
Do not fit into preceding categories.

Examples….

Vertebrae, Ossa Coxae ( hip bones), ethmoid, and sphenoid bones.

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15
Q

Sesamoid bones?

A

Patella & pisiform

16
Q

Sutural Bone?

A

Wormian

17
Q

Anatomical difference between spongy And compact bone ?

A

Spongy/ cancellous- located w/in interior of bone. * HAS TRABECULE (narrow plates of bone)**

Compact/cortical - solid and dense, forms solid external walls of bone.**HAS OSTEONS or haversian system.

18
Q

Role of four Osseous tissue cells?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor Cell ( stem cells derived from medenchyme, divide and become…
  2. Osteoblast ( forms matrix called osteoid, produces new bone, once they become in trapped in matrix they produce & secrete into…
  3. Osteocyte ( mature cell trapped in matrix w/ in a Lacunae, maintains bone matrix detects mechanical stress on bone) the info gos to..
  4. Osteoclast ( bone resorption, osteolysis )
19
Q

Osteons?

A

Structural unit of mature compact bone.

20
Q

Osteocytes ?

A

Houses in lacunae, found in osteon circle.

21
Q

Lacuna?

A

Osteocyte reside.

22
Q

Canaliculi?

A

Tiny interconnecting channels extend from each lacuna

Permit intercellular contact and communication

They connect to other lacunae & central canal, nutrients, minerals, gases and wastes travel through these passages/ between central canal an osteocytes.

23
Q

Periosteum?

A
  • tough sheath
  • membrane that covers outer surface of bone
  • made of dense irregular ct tissue

Has fibrous layer ( outer)

Has cellular layer ( inner)

Anchored to bone by strong collagen fibers called ( perforating fibers )

24
Q

Endosteum?

A
  • incomplete layer of cells that covers all internal surface of bone.
  • Such as medullary cavity
  • contains Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
25
Q

Endochondral bone formation?

A
  • ossification of long bone occurs in progressive stages.

Bone growth is complete when each epiphyseal plate has ossified

And epiphyseal lines have formed.

Example upper lower limbs , pelvis, the vertebrae and ends of clavicle.

26
Q

Intramembranous bone formation?

A
  • bone growth within membrane

Produces flat bones of the skull
Zygomatic bone, maxilla , mandible

27
Q

Bone remodeling

Appositional bone growth?

A
  • Bone increase in diameter
  • new bone added to surface
  • bone removed from inner surface to enlarge medullary cavity.

Depositing to outside = osteogenesis

Infant to adult!

Bone resorption = osteoclasts

28
Q

Which bone and how many

Make up Axial skeleton

A

29 total skull bones *

8 Crainal Bones

  • Frontal - Parietal (2) - Occipital
  • Temporal (2) - Sphenoid - Ethmoid

14 Facial Bones*

  • Nasal (2) - Maxilla (2) -Zygomatic (2
  • Palatine (2) -Inferior Conchae (2)
  • Lacrimal (2) -Vomer -Mandible

7 Associated bones*
( 6 ) Ear ossicles
( 1 ) Hyoid Bone ( beneath jaw Anchors tough)

29
Q

Name and location of major sutures of skull?

A
  • 4 major sutures of skull
    1. Coronal (crown)
    2. Sagittal ( straight down)
    3. Squamosal ( above ear )
    4. Lambdoid ( upside down y )
30
Q

What are four Paranasal Sinuses and where are they located?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Maxillary ( largest)
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Sphenoid
31
Q

Homeostasis ( bone dynamics)

A

Homeostasis is when stress increases your bones enlarge. When less stress is on your body your muscles shrink and your bones don’t need to support the weight of the muscles so the osteoclasts on the endosteum perform osteolysis which breaks down the bone and eats away at it making it smaller

32
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Appendicular skeleton 126 bones total

Pectoral Girdles 4 total
Clavicle 2
Scapula 2

Upper limbs 30 total
Humerus 2
Radius 2
Ulna 2

Carpels total 16
Scaphoid 2
Lunate 2
Triquetrum 2
Pisiform 2
Trapezium 2
Trapezoid 2
Capitate 2
Hamate 2

Metacarpals total 10

Phalanges total 28
Proximal phalanx 10
Middle phalanx 8
Distal phalanx 10

Posterior view

Pelvic girdles
Lower limbs

33
Q

Which bones constitute pectoral and pelvic girdle?

A

Pectoral Girdle

Clavicle 2
Scapula 2

Pelvic Girdle

Os Coxae 2
Contains ilium, ischium, punish bones fuse.
Total 6 bones

34
Q

How many Carpals?

A 
8
Scaphoid
Lunate
Truquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid 
Capitate
Hamate
35
Q

How any metacarpals?

A

5

36
Q

How many phalanges?

Thumb?

A

14

Pollex

37
Q

Pelvic comparison male female?

A
  1. Female has wider inlet
  2. Illi are much border ( wider) shorter than males
  3. Male subpubic angle less than 90 women 100 or more

Anatomy (11 decks)

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