Integrating Cells In Tissues Flashcards
What are epithelial cells?
Cells which separate one environment from another, line internal closed cavities and body tubes.
What do tight junctions between cells do?
Create a SEAL to stop bacteria entering.
What do desmosomes do?
INTERLOCK between the gap junctions - add strength.
What do gap junctions do?
Allow COMMUNICATION between cells of the same type that sit together.
What is basement membrane? How is it attached to the cell?
Sits underneath the plasma membrane in the extracellular matrix. It is attached to the cell with INTERGRIN.
What are focal adhesions?
They anchor the actin filaments to basement membrane with the help of the integrity.
Two functions of integrin?
Attachment of cell to extracellular matrix, signal transduction from extracellular matrix to cell.
Two downsides of cell culture?
The cells behave different to that in the tissues and often demonstrate SENESCENCE (premature death).
What is autocrine communication?
AUTO = self - self communication
What is paracrine communication?
PARA = next to - communication with cells next to it.
What is endocrine communication?
When cells secrete signals or hormones into the bloodstream to be picked up by other cells in the body.
What is synaptic communication?
Where neurotransmitters diffuse across a synapse.
What is neurocrine communication?
Where nerve cells secrete signals into the blood.g. Pituitary.
Explain two types of cell death.
Necrosis - bacteria enters cell, organelles swell, cell blows up.
Aptosis - cell programmed death. Splits up in smaller parts and is phagotised by a nearby cell.
Name three characteristics of a prokaryote.
Cell wall, flagella, all reactions inc cytoplasm.
