Cartilage And Bone Flashcards
What is the main type of cell in cartilage?
Chrondycyte
Cartilage is made up of many proteoglycans with give it its gel like property. Explain the molecular make up of proteoglycans.
Contain many glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covalently bonded to a core protein. Have negative charges, attract H20 and makes it hydrophilic. Creates gel like material - can withstand pressure. Hyaluronic acid abundant in proteoglycans.
Name 3 types of cartilage and their properties.
Hyaline - many proteoglycans, abundant in hyaluronic acid and Type 2 collagen.
Elastic - similar properties to hyaline with addition of elastic fibres.
Fibrocartilage - also similar to hyaline but also abundant in Type 1 collagen fibres.
Where is the body is hyaline cartilage found?
Nose, trachea, articulating surfaces of rib cage
Hyaline is highly hydrated - what is the benefit of this?
Can withstand varying pressure loads.
What happens to hyaline cartilage in the foetus?
Ossification into bone
What is the name of the line of hyaline cartilage that lines between the metaphysis and the epiphysis?
Epiphyseal Growth Plate .
Elastic cartilage does not X
X = Calcify
Elastic cartilage has an abundance of X?
X = Elastin fibres
Where is elastic cartilage found?
External ear (pinna), epiglottis, Eustachian Tube (middle ear).
What are the two main types of cells in fibrocartilage?
Fibroblasts and chrondrocytes.
What kind of connective tissue is fibrocartilage?
Dense regular.
What are 2 properties of fibrocartilage?
Acts as a shock absorber, resists force.
Name 3 places you would fine fibrocartilage.
In sternoclavicular discs, meniscus (knee joint), pubic symphysis.
What is endochrondral ossification?
The replacement of PRE EXISTING hyaline cartilage template by bone.
Where is the diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis?
Diaphysis - centre of bone
Epiphysis - neck of bone
Metaphysis - inbetween the diaphysis and epiphysis (separated by epiphyseal growth plate).
What is the periosteum?
Membrane that covers the other surface of all bones.
What is the difference between an osteoblast, an osteocyte and an osteoclast?
Osteoblast - deposits osteoid (component of bone)
Osteocyte - a bone embedded in the material created by an osteoblast (mature cell)
Osteoclast - absorbs bone tissue during healing
What is synovial fluid?
Lies in the space inbetween two joints. Bone surfaces are covered in cartilage, and articular capsule ligament cushion the area.
Consist of macrophages (remove debris) and fibroblasts (secrete fluid).
What is a zone of: Reserve Proliferation Hypertrophy Calcified cartilage Reabsorption
Reserve - no cellular production
Proliferation - Cells actively dividing
Hypertrophy - Cells enlarge greatly
Calcified cartilage - bones begin to calcify
Reabsorption - bone is completely laid down
