Cartilage And Bone

Question 1

What is the main type of cell in cartilage?

Answer 1

Chrondycyte

Question 2

Cartilage is made up of many proteoglycans with give it its gel like property. Explain the molecular make up of proteoglycans.

Answer 2

Contain many glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covalently bonded to a core protein. Have negative charges, attract H20 and makes it hydrophilic. Creates gel like material - can withstand pressure. Hyaluronic acid abundant in proteoglycans.

Question 3

Name 3 types of cartilage and their properties.

Answer 3

Hyaline - many proteoglycans, abundant in hyaluronic acid and Type 2 collagen.
Elastic - similar properties to hyaline with addition of elastic fibres.
Fibrocartilage - also similar to hyaline but also abundant in Type 1 collagen fibres.

Question 4

Where is the body is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 4

Nose, trachea, articulating surfaces of rib cage

Question 5

Hyaline is highly hydrated - what is the benefit of this?

Answer 5

Can withstand varying pressure loads.

Question 6

What happens to hyaline cartilage in the foetus?

Answer 6

Ossification into bone

Question 7

What is the name of the line of hyaline cartilage that lines between the metaphysis and the epiphysis?

Answer 7

Epiphyseal Growth Plate .

Question 8

Elastic cartilage does not X

Answer 8

X = Calcify

Question 9

Elastic cartilage has an abundance of X?

Answer 9

X = Elastin fibres

Question 10

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 10

External ear (pinna), epiglottis, Eustachian Tube (middle ear).

Question 11

What are the two main types of cells in fibrocartilage?

Answer 11

Fibroblasts and chrondrocytes.

Question 12

What kind of connective tissue is fibrocartilage?

Answer 12

Dense regular.

Question 13

What are 2 properties of fibrocartilage?

Answer 13

Acts as a shock absorber, resists force.

Question 14

Name 3 places you would fine fibrocartilage.

Answer 14

In sternoclavicular discs, meniscus (knee joint), pubic symphysis.

Question 15

What is endochrondral ossification?

Answer 15

The replacement of PRE EXISTING hyaline cartilage template by bone.

Question 16

Where is the diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis?

Answer 16

Diaphysis - centre of bone
Epiphysis - neck of bone
Metaphysis - inbetween the diaphysis and epiphysis (separated by epiphyseal growth plate).

Question 17

What is the periosteum?

Answer 17

Membrane that covers the other surface of all bones.

Question 18

What is the difference between an osteoblast, an osteocyte and an osteoclast?

Answer 18

Osteoblast - deposits osteoid (component of bone)
Osteocyte - a bone embedded in the material created by an osteoblast (mature cell)
Osteoclast - absorbs bone tissue during healing

Question 19

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 19

Lies in the space inbetween two joints. Bone surfaces are covered in cartilage, and articular capsule ligament cushion the area.
Consist of macrophages (remove debris) and fibroblasts (secrete fluid).

Question 20

What is a zone of:
Reserve
Proliferation
Hypertrophy
Calcified cartilage 
Reabsorption

Answer 20

Reserve - no cellular production
Proliferation - Cells actively dividing
Hypertrophy - Cells enlarge greatly
Calcified cartilage - bones begin to calcify
Reabsorption - bone is completely laid down