Integrated Vector Management

Question 1

Major tool for controlling VBD

Answer 1

Vector control

Question 2

Current challenges for vector control

Answer 2

Insecticide resistance, resource constraints, disease specific silos, weak inter-sectoral action, not generating or using evidence effectively.

Question 3

What is Integrated Vector Management?

Answer 3

A WHO recommended management approach for the control of VBDs globally. It is a rational decision making process for the optimal use of resources for vector control.
Aims to make vector control more effective, cost effective, ecologically sound and sustainable.
Future of all vector control.

Question 4

What are the two approaches to tackling VBD?

Answer 4

Multiple methods against a single disease, and single method against multiple disease.

Question 5

Five characteristics of IVM

Answer 5

Integrated approach, evidence based decision making, intra and inter-sectoral collaboration, advocacy, social mobilisation and legislation, capacity building

Question 6

Integrated approach

Answer 6

Addresses several diseases using vector control tools, often in combination or synergistically.
Uses chemical and non-chemical control methods

Question 7

Evidence based decision making

Answer 7

Strategies are adapted to local vector ecology and disease epidemiology and are guided by operational research, surveillance and M+E

Question 8

Intra and inter sectoral collaboration

Answer 8

Collaboration within the health sector and other sectors

Question 9

Advocacy, social mobilisation and legislation

Answer 9

IVM principles integrated into policies. Community engagement and empowerment to increase sustainability.

Question 10

Capacity building

Answer 10

Availability of infrastructure, financial and human resources at a central and local level.

Question 11

Where are we (global vector control community) with IVM?

Answer 11

More than half of all 110 WHO member states have adopted an IVM policy. There are no clear guild lines on how to do IVM.

Question 12

What is IVM action framework?

Answer 12

Disease situation, selection of vector control methods, needs and resources, implementation, monitoring and evaluation

Question 13

Percentage and number of people at risk of one or more VBD

Answer 13

82% or 5.7 billion

Question 14

Implementation

Answer 14

Strong commitment from top - collaboration, advocating IVM to be added to to local strategic plans and budgets. PILOT TESTING - scale up

Question 15

Khartoum, Sudan case study

Answer 15

Successful due to partnerships with:

• Water authorities: repair of broken water pipes
• Environmental health: removal of basins by law
• Ministry of agriculture: remove vegetation from irrigation canals; training/education of farmers on irrigation benefits; fine farmers for excessive water use of ‘dry days’

Question 16

What are local determinants of disease?

Answer 16

Vector, animal, human, pathogen and environmental

Question 17

Broad level analysis of a disease situation

Answer 17

Where are VBDs endemic?
Are there differences in disease incidence by geographic area? Which vectors are responsible for transmission and what is their ecology?

Question 18

Lower level analysis of a disease disease situation

Answer 18

Are there hotspots of disease transmission?

Are there other environmental and human factors which should be considered?

Question 19

What considerations (apart from efficacy) must be made when approaching IVM?

Answer 19

Insecticide resistance, human and environmental safety, cost effectiveness, acceptability/community participation, quality and product registration, distribution, supporting interventions, target coverage, timing of implementation