Host-location behaviour TseTse

Question 1

Why is understanding host location important?

Answer 1

-timing of host seeking
-host selection
-host-oriented behaviour
-host stimuli
-host-vector interactions
for
-risk factors
-control methods
-vector monitoring

Question 2

Describe gambiense

Answer 2

-Chronic in humans
-90% of cases
-Human+ animal reservoirs
Transmitted by palpalis group (riverine)

Question 3

Describe rhodesiense

Answer 3

• Acute in humans
• 10% of cases
• Animal+ human reservoirs
• Transmitted by morsitans ( savannah)

Question 4

What do T brucei have in common

Answer 4

• No vaccine
• No prophylactic drugs
• Ultimately fatal for humans
• Asymptomatic in animal reservoirs

Question 5

What is tryptanomyiasis in cows called and why is it bad?

Answer 5

Nagana
- less milk and meat
-lower reproductive capacity
-less draught power
-more susceptable to disease
increased mortality

Question 6

what causes nagana

Answer 6

T. vivax, T. conglense

Question 7

Where can you find Glossina flys?

Answer 7

Restricted to central africa, too hot and dry in sahara, too cold in south africa

Question 8

What is the most important group of vectors for gambian SS in central and west africa. give a few EGs

Answer 8

Palpalis group,
G. palpalis palpalis -west africa
G. palpalis gambiensis
G. tachinoides
G. fuscipes fuscipes- central africa
G. fuscipes quanzensis

Question 9

How many tsetse do you have to kill per day to eliminate a population?

Answer 9

about 3%/day

Question 10

which sex blood feeds? and what for

Answer 10

Male and female, growth and reproduction

Question 11

How do tsetse find their host?

Answer 11

sit and wait for animal to come to them or

go out and find it

Question 12

Describe an experiment to test exogenous stimuli

Answer 12

Artificial refuge, with specific stimuli, monitor

Question 13

When are savannah tsetses active

Answer 13

diurnally active with bimodial peaks in activity

Question 14

What sense to savannah testse use and riverine?

Answer 14

savannah- 90% olfactory

riverine- use vision more

Question 15

How do you test whether a fly uses olfactory or visual cues?

Answer 15

Compare the number of tsetse attracted to a host with or without an odour

Question 16

What bodypart do tsetse use to pick up host odours?

Answer 16

antennae

Question 17

How would you identify attractants?

Answer 17

Electro antennaegram- gas chromatography- mass spec

Question 18

What natural host odours attract tsetse?

Answer 18

Carbon dioxide
acetone
1-octen-3-ol
4-methylphenol
3-n-propylphenol

Question 19

How effective is an artificial attractant?

Answer 19

A blend of four of the attractants ( cant use CO2 for practical reasons) dispensed at 10X the dose attracts as many tsetse as a cow

Question 20

What do tsetse use at close range

Answer 20

Visual cues at

Question 21

How would you test if a tsetse uses olfactory or visual cues

Answer 21

multiple targets and host odour

Question 22

In descending order what colours are tsetse most attracted to?

Answer 22

blue,red,white,green,yellow

Question 23

Do tsetse have colour vision?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

In descending order what shape do tsetse like the best

Answer 24

horizontal oblong, square, vertical oblong

Question 25

How can you eliminate a population of tsetse in a year?

Answer 25

Odour baited targets, treated with insecticide and deployed at densities of 4/km2

Question 26

Describe a good trap for a savannah tsetse

Answer 26

-big, blue,black,horizontal oblong, odour baited

Question 27

Higher or lower density for riverine tsetse?

Answer 27

Higher density because cant use odour as well

Question 28

whats a good trap for riverine tse tse?

Answer 28

small to reduce material cost, netting on outside to catch outflanking fleeting flies,square,blue,no attractants