Insulin Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is insulin?

A

protein hormone made by beta islet cells

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2
Q

What is the function of insulin

A

increase glucose/protein/fat synthesis and uptake

via GLUT4 receptos

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of insulin action

A

bind tyrosine kinase receptors

induce GLUT4 translocation to a cell membrane

suppress gluconeogenesis in liver
increase K and Mg intracellularly

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4
Q

How does insulin inform the treatment of a blocked cat?

A

should treat with insulin and dextrose
- insulin will induce potassium uptake into cells
- must also give dextrose because by giving insulin you may induce hypoglycemia

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5
Q

What are the effects of insulin deficiency

A

hyperglycemia

ketoacidosis

endothelial cell damage

neuropathy/nephropathy/cardiomyopathy

hyperkalemia

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6
Q

What is insulin supplementation primarily used for

A

diabetes
- cat = type 2
- dog = type 1

+/- septic foal or equine hepatic lipidoses

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of insulin

A

hypoglycemia and +/- death

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8
Q

What are the general prinicples of treating diabetes

A

avoid hypoglycemia

species variation
- can give dogs pig insulin

pharmacokinetics can vary individually = must titrate to the individual

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9
Q

What are 4 types of insulin? What species are they for?

A

crystalline = for emergency use

caninsulin (lente) = pig derived , for dogs

prozinc = cats

lantus = human product for cats

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10
Q

How is insulin stored/handled appropriately?

A

refridgerate

read label

mixing can vary (invert several times)

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11
Q

Explain how insulin is dosed and drawn up

A

units: 1 unit of insulin is the amount needed to cause hypovolemic convulsion in a 2kg rabbit
= 34.7 ug of crystalline insulin

There are either 40 or 100U/ml syringes
- the correct syringe will be indicated on the product label
- if you use a 40 instead of a 100 = overdose
- if you use a 100 instead of a 40 = underdose

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