Instruments

Question 1

Extraoral fulcrum

Answer 1

Stabilization point outside of patients mouth (cheek chin)

Question 2

Intraoral fulcrum

Answer 2

Stabilization point for the hand on tooth surface

Question 3

Indirect vison

Answer 3

Use of mirror to view tooth surface or intraoral structure that cannot be seen directly (lingual surfaces)

Question 4

Retraction

Answer 4

Use of mirror head to hold the patients cheek, lip or tongue to view tooth surfaces other wise hidden

Question 5

Indirect illumination

Answer 5

Use of mirror surface to reflect light onto tooth surface in a dark area in mouth

Question 6

Transillumination

Answer 6

Directing light off of the mirror and through the anterior teeth

Question 7

Front surface mirror

Answer 7

Reflecting surface on front, clear image, good quality, scratched easy

Question 8

Concave mirror

Answer 8

Reflecting surface on front, magnified image, distorts image, resist scratching

Question 9

Plane (flat) mirror

Answer 9

Reflecting image is on back, produces double image

Question 10

Rhodium surface mirror

Answer 10

Highly reflective, sharp images

Question 11

Crystal/HD surface mirror

Answer 11

Layers of medal oxides for reflective material, more bright and accurate, expensive

Question 12

Knurling pattern

Answer 12

Texture on handles - static friction - less pinch force

Question 13

Balanced instrument

Answer 13

Working ends are aligned with handle (centre)

Question 14

Simple shank

Answer 14

A shank that is bent in one plane

Question 15

Complex shank

Answer 15

Bent in two planes

Question 16

Tactile sensitivity

Answer 16

Ability to feel vibrations from working end to fingers on shank and handle

Question 17

Functional shank

Answer 17

Allows working end to be adapted to the tooth (for roots and crowns)

Question 18

Lower shank

Answer 18

section of functional chank nearest to the working end

Question 19

Terminal shank

Answer 19

another term for lower shank

Question 20

extended lower shank

Answer 20

shank length that is 3mm linger than standard lower shank (for deep periodontal pockets)

Question 21

Unpaired working-ends

Answer 21

Double ended instrument with dissimilar ends - example: one end is a curet and the other is a sickle scaler

Question 22

Paired working-ends

Answer 22

Double ended instrument with exact mirror imaged ends - example both ends are a curet

Question 23

Design name

Answer 23

Identifies the school or individual originality responsible for the design or development of an instrument or group of instrument

Question 24

Design Number

Answer 24

A number designated that when combined with the name provides an exact identification of working end example Gracey-11

Question 25

Face

Answer 25

Concave surface of the working end

Question 26

Back

Answer 26

Convex side (opposite to the face) of the working end

Question 27

Lateral surfaces

Answer 27

Surface of the working end on either side of the face (similar to back)

Question 28

Cutting edge

Answer 28

Sharp area formed where lateral surface meets the face surface (edges)

Question 29

Toe of working end

Answer 29

Rounded end of working end (where cutting surfaces meet

Question 30

Tip of working-end

Answer 30

Sharp tip of working end (where cutting surfaces end)

Question 31

Cross section

Answer 31

a cut through something at an angle perpendicular to its ling axis in order to view its interior structure (toe - looks like jujube, tip looks like triangle

Question 32

Clarifications - instruments

Answer 32

assessment instruments and calculus removal instruments

Question 33

periodontal probe

Answer 33

Blunt, rod-shaped working ends (circular or rectangular cross sections) - used to evaluate health of tissues

Question 34

explorer

Answer 34

Flexible shanks (circular in cross section) used to locate calculus deposits, tooth surface irregularities, and margins

Question 35

Supragingival instrumentation

Answer 35

Use of instrument coronal to above the gingival margin

Question 36

Subgingival instrumentation

Answer 36

Use of instrument apical to below gingival margin

Question 37

Supragingival deposits

Answer 37

Calculus above gingival margin (visible)

Question 38

Subgingival calculus deposits

Answer 38

Calculus below gingival margin (not detected visually)

Question 39

adaptation

Answer 39

First 1 or 2 mm if the working ends lateral surface in contact with the tooth

Question 40

Function of a probe

Answer 40

Detecting and measuring periodontal pockets, health status, attachment loss, bleeding

Question 41

Williams probe

Answer 41

Standard, mm groves at 1 - 10 mm (skipping 4 & 6)

Question 42

WHO probe

Answer 42

Ball-end of 0.5 mm. Markings at 3.5, 5.5, 8.5 and 11.5

Question 43

Nabers function probe

Answer 43

No markings, curved pig tail (slips between roots)

Question 44

6 zones of tooth

Answer 44

Destofacial, facial, mesiofacial, distolingual, lingual, mesiolingual

Question 45

Probing technique

Answer 45

15 grams of pressure, modified pen grasp, 6 readings, walking stroke (1-3mm up and down)