Instrument Approaches Flashcards
What happens at decision altitude (DA) on an ILS or GPS approach with vertical guidance?
The approach is either continued visually or a missed approach is made.
What is the difference between MDA and DA in instrument approaches?
DA allows for decision at altitude, while MDA requires holding altitude until the missed approach point.
When can a descent below minimums be made during an instrument approach?
When the aircraft is in position for a normal descent, visibility is adequate, and at least one visual runway reference is seen.
What does a visual descent point (VDP) on an approach plate indicate?
The point where a normal descent from the MDA can begin.
How is a localizer-only or non-precision approach flown regarding minimum altitudes?
Maintain the minimum altitude until crossing the final approach fix, then descend to MDA.
What is the significance of the circling MDA in a circling approach?
The aircraft must remain at the MDA until it can make a normal descent to land.
What is the protected area during a circling approach defined by?
Arcs from each runway threshold, based on aircraft speed, altitude, and circling minimums.
What visual references allow a pilot to descend below DA or MDA?
Runway threshold, markings, lights, visual glideslope, touchdown zone, or approach lighting system with restrictions.
What should be done if the runway is lost from sight during a circling approach?
A missed approach should be executed immediately.
How far can an aircraft descend below the DA when only the approach lighting system is visible?
The descent can continue to 100 feet above the touchdown zone until other visual references are seen.
