institutionalisation

Question 1

define institutionnalisation

Answer 1

growing up in an organisation

Question 2

what consequences can institutionalisation give to a child

Answer 2

can suffer from lack of emotional care as unable to form attachment and disinhibited attachments through treating strangers with friendliness and clinginess

Question 3

outline the background information of Romanian Orphanages

Answer 3

• poor quality of life
• no intellectual stimulation as in cots most of time
• no assigned caregiver to each child
• poor living conditions

Question 4

outline the early intervention project study

Answer 4

m: assessed attachment in 136 Romanian orphans between 12-31 months who spent 90% of life in institution compared to control- infants took part in strange situation
r: 74% controlled and 19% institutionalised were secure; 65% disorganised; institutionalised children were disinhibited (attached to anyone)
c: institutionalised children have effected attachment due to being raised in poor environments which could give them dysfunctional personalities

Question 5

evaluate the early intervention project study

Answer 5

C: not representative: small sample- can’t generalise as only conducted on Romanian orphans
C: long term effects: assessed attachment should increase age range to find if there are long-term effects
C: not specifying ‘normal family’: suggests those not in a normal family are disinhibited/ dysfunctional

Question 6

outline Rutter’s study

Answer 6

m: studied 165 orphaned infants at different stages in life (adopted before 6 months, between 6 months, a year, between 2-4 years)
r: normal development if adopted before 6 months; high levels of disinhibited attachment if adopted after 6 months
c: adopting child before 6 months will give them lower chances of being disinhibited

Question 7

evaluate Rutter’s study

Answer 7

A: high ecological validity- less demand characteristics
A: longitudinal study: makes findings more reliable

Question 8

outline Chugani’s study

Answer 8

m: PET scans from sample of 10 adopted children from Romanian orphanage with 17 regular adults and 7 regular children
r: Romanian orphans showed decrease in amygdala (emotions) and hippocampus (learning) in brain
c: dysfunction may have resulted from stress of early deprivation

Question 9

evaluate Chugani’s study

Answer 9

A: empirical evidence through scientific proof