Institutional aggression in the context of prisons Flashcards

1
Q

What theoretical stances have arisen to account for institutional aggression?

A
  • Dispositional explanations > locate causes of aggressive behaviour within the individual (personality)
  • Situational explanations > attribute responsibility for aggression to factors within the prison environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the dispositional theory of institutional aggression and who proposed it?

A
  • The importation model > Irwin & Cressey (1962)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the importation model argue?

A
  • model suggests that aggression is caused by individual differences rather than the prison context
  • This is because as suggested by Thomas & McManimom the willingness of inmates to use violence in prisons to settle disputes reflects prisoners lives in the ‘real world’ and is a result of their dispositions (beliefs, history, traumas, abuse etc)
  • Irwin & Cressey > inmates import such behaviours into prisons which will pre dispose them to use their aggression to establish power, status, access to resources etc
  • they will not be challenged as aggression is apart of the ‘convict subculture’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the dispositional explanation based on?

A
  • nature (individual temperament)
  • nurture (social environment)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What evidence is there for the importation model?

A
  • DeLisi et al > studied a group of juvenile offenders
  • found that certain dispositional traits such as childhood trauma, anger etc were imported into prisons & coincided with an increase risk of violent behaviour & suicidal activity amongst them compared with control group of inmates who did not have negative features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the situational theory for institutional aggression and who proposed it?

A
  • the deprivation model > Clemmer (1958)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the deprivation model argue?

A
  • prison environment itself is the cause of IA
  • harsh prison conditions are stressful to inmates who cope by resorting to aggression
  • harsh conditions include:
    1. lack of opportunity to fulfil psychological needs (sexual intimacy)
    2. physical factors (deprived of good & services)
    3. prison regime (unpredictable & regular use of ‘lock ups’ to control behaviour may create frustration, reducing stimulation by barring other activities e.g. TV)
    >leads to increase competition for resources which are resolved through violence (adaptive solution)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What evidence is there for the deprivation model?

A
  • Steiner in his meta analysis of 512 US prisons found that prison level factors e.g. overcrowding, more women staff & more inmates in protective custody were indicators for the likelihood of aggressive behaviour from inmates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a strength of the importation model?

A
  • Research support
  • Camp & Gaes > studied male inmates with similar criminal histories & predispositions to aggression
  • half were placed in low security prions and half placed in high security prisons
  • within two years there was no significant difference between prisons in the number of prisoners involved in aggressive misconduct
  • concluded that features of prisons are less important predictors of aggressive behaviour > strong evidence due to random allocation of inmates > more valid & reliable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a limitation of the importation model?

A
  • ignored key factors
  • Dilulio claims that the model ignores factors such as the way prions run in influencing prisoners behaviour
  • he proposed an administrative control model (ACM) as a more valid & accurate explanation of aggressive behaviour > which states that poorly managed prisons are more likely to have inmate violence
  • e.g. unofficial rules, staff who remain distant from inmates etc
  • may act as triggers for aggressive behaviour > suggest situational more important
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a strentgh of the deprivation model?

A
  • research support
  • Cunningham et al > analysed 35 inmate homicides in Texas prisons & found that the perpetuators motivations for violent behaviours were linked to some of the deprivations identified in Clemmer’s model
  • these included disputes between cell sharing inmates over drugs, sexual activity & personal possessions
  • support models validity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a limitation of the deprivation model?

A
  • the model predicts that a lack of heterosexual contact should lead to high levels of aggressive behaviour in prisons
  • However, Hensley et al > studied male & female inmates of 2 prions in Mississippi which allow conjugal visits (visits from partners to have sex)
  • Found no link between involvement in these visits & reduced aggressive behaviour
  • situational factors do not substantially affect prison violence > decrease external validity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly