Instability and Consolidation: 'the Mid-Tudor Crisis', 1547–1563 - the Impact of Religious Developments in the Early Years of Elizabeth's Rule Flashcards
Timeline of main events in Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement
• 1549
- Somerset passes Act of Uniformity which issues moderate Book of Common Prayer
• 1552
- Northumberland passes more Protestant Book of Common Prayer
• May 1559
- Act of Supremacy
- Act of Uniformity
• July 1559
- The Injunctions
• 1559
- Act of Exchange
• 1563
- Thirty Nine Articles published
• 1571
- Thirty Nine Articles made law
What 3 laws make up Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement?
- Act of Uniformity
- Act of Supremacy
- The Injunctions
- All introduced in 1559
Act of Supremacy
- May 1559
• Royal authority
- Re-established the English monarch as head of Church
- Elizabeth used title ‘Supreme Governor’ instead of ‘Supreme Head’
- To appease those who saw the Pope as rightful head and those who thought women shouldn’t hold the top position
• Oath of loyalty
- All churchmen had to swear oath of loyalty to new Supreme Governor
- Court of High Commission established to prosecute those whose loyalty was suspect
- To ensure change in leadership was supported at parish level
When was the Act of Supremacy passed?
- May 1559
Act of Uniformity
- May 1559
• Prayer Book
- Return to 1549 Book of Common Prayer and practices, rather than Northumberland’s extremely Protestant 1552 book
- Mixed Catholic and Protestant wordings: Catholic ‘The body of our Lord Jesus Christ which was given for thee’ and Protestant ‘eat this, in remembrance that Christ died for thee.’
• Religious practice
- Black Rubric left out
- Protestant communion table but Catholic artefacts placed on top (e.g crosses and candles)
- Catholic vestments
What is the Black Rubric?
- Black Rubric was a paragraph in Northumberland’s 1552 prayer book
- Reassured Protestants it was okay to kneel although it was seen as a Catholic practice
- Protestants thought its removal in the Act of Uniformity meant they were now kneeling to respect transubstantiation
When was the Act of Uniformity passed?
- May 1559
How did the wording of the 1559 Book of Common Prayer satisfy both Catholics and Protestants?
• Catholic
- ‘The body of our Lord Jesus Christ which was given for thee,’
- Shows belief in transubstantiation
• Protestant
- ‘Eat this, in remembrance that Christ died for thee.’
- Bread symbolises Jesus rather than actually being Jesus’ real body
What was the significance of the Act of Uniformity in trying to heal religious division?
- Correctly judged that people could accept introduction of Protestant wordings if Catholic appearances of church remained
- Communion had both Protestant and Catholic wordings
- Puritans angry over Catholic wordings, artefacts and vestments; and removal of Black Rubric
The Injunctions
- July 1559
- 57 instructions
- Preachers had to be licensed by a bishop before they could begin preaching
- Preachers had to preach at least one service each month or lose their licence
- Every church had to display a Bible written in English
- Pilgrimages were to be outlawed
When were the Injunctions issued?
- July 1559
Thirty Nine Articles
- Published in 1563
- Made law in 1571
- Set out the official beliefs of the Church e.g
- Belief that Bible was more important than Church when making key decisions
- Salvation by faith
- Predestination
When was the Thirty Nine Articles published and when were they made into law?
- Published in 1563
- Made law in 1571
Act of Exchange
- 1559
- Allowed Elizabeth to take over property belonging to bishops and to force them only to rent land to her
- Often used as a threat to keep in line bishops who criticised her settlement
When was the Act of Exchange passed?
- 1559
