Henry VIII: Religion - Reform of the Church - Doctrinal Reform in the 1530s Flashcards
1
Q
List examples of doctrinal reform during the 1530s
A
- Ten Articles of Faith
- Injuctions and Bishop’s Book
- Royal proclamation about English Bible
- Six Articles
2
Q
What was the Ten Articles of Faith?
A
- Issued in 1536 by Cromwell
- Made no mention of Purgatory and emphasised salvation through faith, rather than by gaining indulgences
- Retained many Catholic elements including sacraments like Baptism, Penance; transubstantiation
3
Q
What were the two sets of Injunctions?
A
- Instructions introduced in 1536 and 1538
- Ordered the clergy to follow the Ten Articles and explain them to their congregations
4
Q
What was the Bishop’s Book?
A
- Published in 1537, offering interpretation and advice on the Ten Articles of Faith and the Injunctions
5
Q
How did the Injunctions and the Bishop’s Book support Protestantism?
A
- Attacked the abuses and superstitions associated with the Catholic Church
- Encouraged Protestant reformers
6
Q
Describe how an English Bible was published
A
- In 1537, the first official English translation of the Bible was published
- Cranmer persuaded Henry to allow this
- In 1538, a royal proclamation ordered that a copy should be placed in every parish church, to read and examined by the congregation
7
Q
What impact did the introduction of an English Bible have?
A
- Made Bible more accessible
- Allowed more people to interpret, understand and debate the word of God for themselves
8
Q
What was the Six Articles?
A
- Introduced in 1539
- Catholic in emphasis
- Re-emphasised belief in transubstantiation, communion in one kind (only bread, not wine), seven sacraments, celibacy of priests
9
Q
Why was there a return to the introduction of Catholic doctrine?
A
- Henry was conservative
- Henry needed Catholic allies in Europe, needed to show change was moderate
- Cromwell’s influence began to falter after failure of Anne of Cleves marriage in 1540
- Norfolk, part of Conservative faction, gained more influence
- Catherine Howard (Norfolk’s niece) married Henry in 1540
10
Q
How did this swing back towards Catholicism affect Protestants?
A
- Setback was temporary
- Two reforming bishops, helped by influence of Anne Boleyn, resigned
- Latimer and Shaxton
- Six Articles stated clerical celibacy was to continue
- Cranmer sent his wife to live with relatives in Germany
