-----HENRY VIII, 1509–1547: FOREIGN POLICY: FRANCE, SPAIN AND HRE Flashcards
what are the secions of Henry VIII’s reign
- 1509-14
- 1514-26
- 1527-40
- 1540-47
Who led France during Henry VIII’s reign?
• Louis XII
- Dies in 1515
• Francis I
Describe the anti-French alliance Henry VIII joins. When does England join the alliance?
- 1511
- Holy League
- Involved Spain, HRE, Venice and the Papacy
- sent Christopher Bainbridge, the archbishop of York to Rome to convince pope Julius II
When does Henry VIII first invade France?
- 1512
How did Henry VIII’s first invasion of France go?
- 1512
- 10,000 men under control of the Marquis of Dorset to South West France
- Unsuccessful
- Many soldiers demoralised and ill
- Ferdinand of Aragon, Henry VIII’s father in Law through Catherine of Argon used Henry as a distraction so he could invade Navarre
When does Henry VIII invade France for a second time?
- 1513
what is an opinion about the second invasion of France in what year
- 1513
- Geoffrey Elton said it was nothing more than a futile slideshow
How did Henry VIII’s second invasion of France go?
- 1513
- Expedition led by Henry himself, went to North East France
- England wins Battle of the Spurs (propaganda claimed it was a stunning victory)
- Captures Therouanne and Tournai
What agreement was made following Henry VIII’s second invasion of France? When was this agreement made?
- Treaty of Saint Germain
- 1514
- England keeps Therouanne and Tournai
- Henry receives annual pension for giving up his claim to French throne
What was agreed under the Treaty of Saint-Germain?
- 1514
- a version of the Treaty of Etaples negotiated by Wolsey
- England keeps Therouanne and Tournai
- Henry receives annual pension for giving up his claim to French throne
- Wolsey negotiated a marriage alliance between Henry’s sister Mary and Louis XII - died a year later
What was the significance of Henry VIII’s invasions of France?
- Slight boost in reputation
- Expensive - wiped out surplus of money Henry VII made
- Tournai and Therouanne not impressive achievements - Tournai described as ‘ungracious doghole’
- 1518 - Tournai sold back to France for less than the English had paid to repair its defences after the siege
When was Tournai sold back to England? What losses did this bring?
- 1518
- Sold back to French for less than England had paid to repair it after siege in 1513
Outline the events that happened between 1515 and 1518
1515: Louis XII dies - Francis I takes over
- Francis I seeks alliance with Spain and Ferdinand of Aragon
1516: Ferdinand of Aragon dies - Charles V takes over
1517: Treaty of Cambrai includes HRE/ Emperor Maximillion, France/ Francis I and Spain/ Charles V
- Henry felt threatened by this because Francis I had the power to undermine the Auld Alliance
-Duke Albany, heir presumptive is appointed to the Scottish throne - Henry and Wolsey saw Albany as a French agent
1518 - Treaty of London (later the Treaty of Perpetual peace)
- non-aggression pact between England, HRE, Spain, France
How did relations between France and England improve after 1518
England agreed to return Tournai and Terrouanne but France had to keep paying the annual pension
In addition the French agreed to keep Albany out of Scotland
What did Wolsey negotiate in response to the good relations between England and France
The Field of the Cloth of Gold
When was the field of the cloth of gold
June 1520
How much did the fied of the cloth of gold cost
£15,000
What did the outcome of the field of the cloth of gold show?
It did not really amount to much but the significance of it decreased in Henry’s eyes after Francis I beat him in an arm wrestling match.
what Treaty did Wolsey negotiate in 1521
The Treaty of Bruges with Charles V
What did Henry and Wolsey do after Charles V of Spain and Francis I of France had a falling out
created the Treaty of Bruges with Charles V and so invaded France in both 1522 and 1523
why did Henry and Wolsey want to side with Charles in 1521
- He could improve his relations with the Pope who was anxious to reduce French control over northern Italy
- He believed he may gain more territory in France
- Part of the deal entailed a mariage alliance between the emperor and Henry’s young daughter Mary.
What were the outcomes of Henry’s 3rd invasion of France
The campaigns gained little and were extremely costly.
Parliament was reluctant to keep giving HVIII money
H showed his lack of strategic awareness
when was the battle of Pavia
1525
what happened at and after the battle of Pavia
HRE/ Maximillion vs France/ Francis I
France was annhiliated and Francis I was taken hostage
Henry VIII suggested to Charles V that they launch a joint invasion on France to get terratorial gain. - Charles did not agree.
Relations between England and Spain worsened again because of HVIII’s suggestion and he turned to France once again
