Instability and Consolidation: 'the Mid Tudor Crisis', 1547-1563 - Mary I, Wyatt's Rebellion Flashcards
When was Wyatt’s Rebellion?
- Jan-Feb 1554
Who led the rebellion?
- Sir Thomas Wyatt
- Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon
- Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk
Who led the royal forces against the rebellion?
- Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
What was the main cause of the rebellion?
- Disapproval of the marriage proposal between Mary I and Philip of Spain
What did Mary create to try alleviate fears surrounding her marriage to Philip?
- Marriage treaty
When was the marriage treaty introduced?
- January 1554
What did the marriage treaty include?
- Philip would be given title of king but given none of the powers associated with the title
- No foreigners were to be permitted to hold English offices
- If Mary died before Philip, the Crown wouldn’t pass down to him
What other factors caused Wyatt’s Rebellion?
- Xenophobia
- Religion
- Economic - decline in cloth industry
- Political - gentry angry over losing offices within Kent
How was religion a factor in Wyatt’s Rebellion?
- Many of Sir Thomas Wyatt’s supporters were from Maidstone, a Protestant stronghold
Where was the rebellion mainly based?
- County of Kent
What were the aims of the rebellion?
- To convince Mary to not marry Philip
- Wyatt and others planned to replace Mary with Edward Courtenay or Elizabeth, but never stated openly
- Involvement of Jane Grey’s father, suggest desires to restore Jane to the throne
- To have 4 simultaneous revolts in Devon, Hertfordshire, Leicestershire and Kent
Where were there plans to have 4 simultaneous risings?
- Devon
- Hertfordshire
- Leicestershire
- Kent
How did the plan to have 4 simultaneous risings fail?
- January 1554, plans leaked
- Rebels quickly forced into action
- Only Kent experienced a serious rising, 3 out of 4 risings materialised
Who was Edward Courtenay?
- Earl of Devon
- Great grandson of King Edward IV, only male claimant to throne
- Candidate for marriage with Mary
What were the main events of the rebellion?
- Wyatt raises his standard in Maidstone, signifying start of rebellion
- Duke of Norfolk’s force unable to engage the rebels and is forced to retreat
- Queen rallies support with speech
- Rebels reach Southwark but prevented from crossing London Bridge into the city
- Wyatt tries rallying support in London but fails and tries to enter London
- Wyatt surrenders
Where did Wyatt raise his standard at the start of the rebellion?
- Maidstone
Which noble tried defeating the rebels? What was the outcome?
- Duke of Norfolk
- Failed to engage rebels and fled
What happened when the rebels reached London?
- Rebels reach Southwark, but London Bridge is closed, preventing them from entering
When did the rebels surrender?
- February 1554
Why did the rebellion fail?
- Not much support outside of Kent
- No support from London
- No support from Mary’s councillors
Give brief outcomes of the rebellion
- Execution of Wyatt and Lady Jane Grey
- Imprisonment of Elizabeth
- 100 rebels executed
- 480 rebels tried and convicted
- 400 pardoned
Why was Lady Jane Grey executed?
- She acted as a figurehead for other potential rebellions
- Her father, Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, was involved in the rebellion
Why was Elizabeth imprisoned?
- Mary believed Elizabeth knew of the rebels’ plans
- Wyatt did not implicate her
- Without evidence, Elizabeth was released shortly after
How many rebels did Wyatt gather?
- 3000
How many rebels were executed?
- 100
How many rebels were tried, convicted and pardoned?
- 480 rebels tried and convicted
- 400 pardoned
