Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy Practice 720 Year 1 Term 1 > Insomnia, Drowsiness and Fatigue > Flashcards

Insomnia, Drowsiness and Fatigue Flashcards

1
Q

What is insomnia?

3

A
  • Perception of difficulty with Falling asleep, staying asleep, or non-restorative sleep
  • Despite adequate opportunity and circumstances
  • Associated with daytime impairment or distress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many adults have symptoms of Insomnia

A

33-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are risk factors for Insomnia

5

A
  • Age
  • Female
  • Comorbidities (Other diseases)
  • Shift work
  • Others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of sleep disorders?

A
  • Short term

- Long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Long term

A

3x a week for longer than 3 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many adults have symptoms of Insomnia

A

33-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of sleep disorders?

A
  • Short term

- Long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Short Term sleep disorder

A

Less than 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Long term

A

3x a week for longer than 3 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are diseases that can cause Insomnia?

A 
Pulmonary disease
Heart failure
Pain conditions
Neurologic diseases
Urologic
Endocrine
Dermatologic
GERD or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Psychiatric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some medications that can cause Insomnia

A 
Stimulants
Antidepressants
Beta blockers
Corticosteroids 
Alcohol
Caffeine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some drugs that their withdrawl can cause insomnia?

A 
Alcohol
Amphetamines
Antihistamines
Barbituates
Benzodiazepines
MAO inhibitors
Opiates
Tricyclics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sleep latency. What is it?

What can cause?

A

How long does it take to fall asleep

Stress, anxiety, hospital ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Early awakening

What can cause?

A
  • Depression, anxiety (Chronic Insomnia, or Depression)

- Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Circadian Rythym

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is restless leg syndrome?

A

periodic limb movement disorder, nocturnal leg cramps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders

A

Jet lag, shift work, delayed or advanced sleep phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parasomnias

A

category of sleep disorders that involve abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two OTC approved sleep aids?

A

-Diphenhydramine
-Doxylamine
(Older Histamines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diphenhydramine is under what class?

  • Dose
  • Mechanism
  • When to take
  • Half-life?
A

Older H1 Antihistamine (Anticholinergic)
25-50 mg (

  • Works on the H1 Histamine Receptor, crosses the blood brain barrier
  • 30-60 minutes before bedtime
  • Half life = 6-13
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Early awakening

What can cause?

A
  • Depression, anxiety (Chronic Insomnia, or Depression)

- Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Circadian Rythym

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some other important things with Diphenhydramine ?

A
  • Take 3 days and One day off to asses sleep quality without medication
  • Do not take more than 7-10 consecutive nights, it may be concealing other problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some tools anyone can use to assess sleep?

5

A 
(Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Insomnia Severity Index
Comprehensive Sleep History
Sleep Diary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some other tools a professional may need to use? 3

A 
Polysomnography
-Overnight sleep study
Multiple Sleep Latency Test:
 -Series of monitored naps
-Measure tendency to fall asleep
Sleep Actigraphy
-Wrist device that detects motion
24
Q

What are the two OTC approved sleep aids?

A
  • Diphenhydramine

- Doxylamine

25
Diphenhydramine - Dose - Mechanism - Adverse effects - Interactions
25-50 mg - 30-60 minutes before bedtime - Half life = 6-13
26
Diphenhydramine - Adverse effects - Interactions
``` Adverse Effects (anticholinergic effects) -urinary retention -blurred vision -dry mouth -constipation -drowsiness Interactions -certain CYP metabolized drugs -Alcohol ```
27
What are some other important things with Diphenhydramine ?
- Take 3 days and One day off to asses sleep quality without medication - Do not take more than 7-10 consecutive nights, it may be concealing other problems
28
What are some CAM therapies used for sleep aid?
- Alcohol (not really advised) - Melatonin (Effective for jet lag) - Valerian
29
What are ways to practice good sleep hygiene? | 8
Routine bedtime and wake time Allow 7-9 hours for sleep If not falling asleep, get up and do something relaxing Quiet, dark, bedroom. Remove distractors. Avoid caffeine, nicotine, alcohol before bedtime Regular exercise Avoid daytime naps
30
Hypnotic
induces sleep
31
What is GABA
Inhibitory neurotransmitter | GABA(A) receptor controls sleep
32
What does a Melatonin do?
Secreted by pineal gland MT1 and MT2 receptors Regulate neuronal activity and circadian rhythms
33
What do Histamines do?
- H1, H2, H3 receptors in brain | - Many functions, including arousal, wakefulness
34
What do Orexins do?
Excitatory neurotransmitters | Wakefulness and feeding
35
What are some anti-depressants that can be used?
doxepin, trazodone, mirtazepine, amitriptyline
36
Hypnotic
induces sleep
37
What are prescriptions used for sleep aid?
GABA agonists Melatonin agonist Orexin receptor antagonist Sedating low dose antidepressants
38
Examples of GABA Agonist? | 2
Benzodiazepines (nonspecific) | Nonbenzodiazepine (selective for GABA subtypes)
39
Example Melatonin Agonist?
Ramelteon
40
example of an Orexin receptor Antagonist
suvorexant (Belsomra)
41
Ramelteon Drug Class Onset Duration
Melatonin agonist 15-30 min (Rapid) 1-5 hours (short) Helps fall asleep
42
Temazepam Drug Class Onset Duration
Benzodiazepine 30-60 minutes (slow) 5-12 hours (Intermediate) Helps Stay Asleep
43
Zolpidem IR Drug Class Onset Duration
Nonbenzodiazepine 15-30 minute (rapid) 1-5 hours (short) Helps fall asleep
44
Eszopiclone Drug Class Onset Duration
Nonbenzodiazepine 15-30 minute (rapid) 5-12 hours (intermediate) Help fall asleep
45
Zaleplon Drug Class Onset Duration
Nonbenzodiazepine 15-30 minute (rapid) 1-5 hours (short Help fall asleep
46
Suvorexant Drug Class Onset Duration
Orexin receptor antagonist 30-60 min (slow) 12 Help stay asleep
47
Ramelteon Drug Class Onset Duration
Melatonin agonist 15-30 min (Rapid) 1-5 hours (short) Help fall asleep
48
Doxepin Drug Class Onset Duration
Histamine Blocker 15-30 min (Rapid) 5-12 hour (Intermediate) Help fall asleep
49
What are some Adverse Effects of Caffeine? | 4
Transient Increase in HR and BP Increase in Stomach HCl, and pepsin Withdrawal symptoms CYP1A2
50
What is Fatigue? | How does each sex report fatigue?
lack of energy, mental exhaustion May report feeling tired (men) depressed/anxious (women)
51
What is Drowsines/ Sleepiness?
feeling a need to sleep, or tendency to fall asleep
52
What are some underlying reasons for Fatigue?
``` Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Insomnia Medications Anemia Psychological: Depression Cardiovascular : Heart Failure Neurological: Stroke Endocrine ```
53
Stimulant for Fatigue?
Caffeine
54
What happens when you take Caffeine? | 5
``` What does an adenosine antagonist do? Increase arousal, Decrease fatigue Anxiety, nausea Rapidly absorbed 3-6 hr half-life ```
55
What are some Adverse Effects of Caffeine? | 4
Transient Increase in HR and BP Increase in Stomach HCl, and pepsin Withdrawal symptoms CYP1A2
56
What are examples of Rx stimulants? | 4
Modafinil Methylphenidate Dextroamphetamine Atomoxetine
57
What are some ways to address sleep nonpharmalogically
adequate sleep and sleep hygiene regular exercise 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week

Pharmacy Practice 720 Year 1 Term 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions