Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacy Practice 720 Year 1 Term 1 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cardiac Output (CO)

A

Heart rate (HR) X Stroke Volume (SV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

CO X Peripheral Resistance (PR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

High Number (want to be around 120mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Low Number (want to be around 80mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What affects peripheral resistance

4

A

Aging
Endothelial dysfunction
vasoactive substances
sympathetic NS stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some Vasodilating Systems?

5

A 
Parasympathetic
Bradykinin 
Prostaglandins
Endothelial derived relaxant factor (NO)
Atrial natriuretc factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some Vasoconstricting Systems?

A

Sympathetic
Calcium channels
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
Endothelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Sympathetic (Adreneric) system have to do with HTN

A

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and Epinephrine (adrenaline) bind to adrenergic receptors
causing
pupil dilation, sweating, heart rate, blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What beta receptors control smooth muscle contraction?

A

Beta 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do calcium channels do?

A

Allow entry of Calcium ++ which causes muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renin Angiotension Aldosterone System

A

Liver produces angiotensinogen
Renin turns angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I
ACE turns Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II activates Adrenal cortex which makes Aldosteron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Angiotensin II do?

A 
Increases sympathetic activity
Increases Na, Cl, K and water retention
causes aldosterone production 
Arteriolar vasconstriction
Activate pituitary gland to make ADH which increase water absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do ARB’s work?

A

medications that block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do ACE’s work?

A

They inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, an important component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Endothelins?

A

Family of peptides (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3)
Potent vasoconstrictors
Influence Na+ and water homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hypertension

A

Sustained, elevated blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is primary hypertension

%?

A

is high blood pressure that does not have a known cause.
90-95% of people

aka essential or idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

secondary hypertension

A

is high blood pressure where we know the cause

Renal, Endocrine, Neoplastic, Neurologic, Cardiovascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does Hypertension occur?

A

Onset typically between 20-50 y.o.

Most common diagnosis made in family practice (U.S.)

Estimated > 50 million Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prevalence

A

total number of cases of a disease in an existing population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Incidence

A

number of newly diagnosed cases.

22
Q

What are symptoms of HTN?

A

Asymptomatic

23
Q

What are signs of HTN

A

2 elevated readings on 2 different visits

24
Q

Symptom

A

subjective evidence, something a patient feels, describes

25
Sign
objective evidence, something observed or measured
26
Etiology (what causes) HTN
Genetics, Age
27
What are factors that can cause hypertension
``` Increased body mass Insulin resistance High alcohol intake High sodium intake Sedentary lifestyle Low K+ or Ca++ intake Stress ```
28
What are some factors that can cause high blood pressure?
- Oral contraceptive - Inadequate Sleep - Frequent analgesic use (particularly in females) - High red meat intake - High lead lvels
29
What is Framingham Disease Risk ?
The Framingham Risk Score is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual.
30
What are the Framingham Disease Risk Factors
``` Total Cholesterol greater than 240 HDL less than 40 Smoking Elevated SBP Age SEx ```
31
What are JNC 8 Guidelines
Greater than 60 treat to 150 over 90 Age under 60 treat to 140 over 90 Adults with CKD or diabetes 140 over 90
32
JNC 8 Guidelines: Initial treatment | General nonblack population
Thiazide-type diuretic Calcium channel blocker (CCB) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
33
JNC 8 Guidelines: Initial treatment | General black population
Thiazide-type diuretic | CCB
34
JNC 8 Guidelines: Initial treatment | Adults with CKD
Chronic Kidney Disease | ACEI or ARB
35
JNC 8 Guidelines Hypertension Management
If not reached in 1 month, increase dose or add on drug from a different class If goal not reached with 2 drugs, may add and titrate If goal not achieved with 3 drugs, may use drugs from other classes, or refer to specialist
36
Why not use ACEI and ARB together
Does pretty much same thing.
37
Medications for Hypertension
``` Thiazide-type diuretics ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II Receptor blockers Calcium channel blockers Beta Blockers* ```
38
Problems with Beta Blockers?
For diabetes can mask low blood sugar warnings
39
Diet Recommendations for Hypertension
Emphasize vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, poultry, fish, legumes, nontropical vegetable oils and nuts Limit sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meats Lower sodium intake (
40
Activity Recommendations for Hypertension
Engage in aerobic physical activity 3 to 4 times a week lasting on average 40 minutes per session moderate to vigorous intensity
41
Weight loss for hypertension
Can help a lot | 10 kg weight loss can low SBP 6 DBP by 4.6
42
What are some reasons to self moniter HTN
Monitor at different times, different circumstances (whitecoat) Monitor effects of medications
43
Renin
secreted in kidneys in response to glomerular underperfusion or reduced NaCl. Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
44
Angiotensin I-
rapidly converted to angiotensin II by ACE
45
Angiotensin II
potent vasoconstrictor. Also causes the release of aldosterone
46
Aldosterone
hormone which causes resorption of Na+ and water in the tubules of the kidney
47
Bradykinin
vasodilator inactivated by ACE
48
Nitric oxide-
vasodilator in vascular endothelial cells
49
Endothelin
vasoconstrictor in vascular endothelial cells
50
Atrial natriuretc peptide-
secreted in atria in response to increased blood volume. Causes increased Na+ and water excretion in kidneys

Pharmacy Practice 720 Year 1 Term 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions