Insecticide Resistance

Question 1

Metabolic resistance

Answer 1

Higher level of or more efficient enzyme to break down pesticides more effectively

Question 2

Target site resistance

Answer 2

Target site changes slightly now pesticide no larger binds

Question 3

Penetration resistance

Answer 3

Pesticide cannot enter insect. Thicker cuticle?

Question 4

Behavioral resistance

Answer 4

Insects avoid pesticides. Still killed if they come in contact but they genetically avoid the pesticides
(Going to bottom of leaf)

Question 5

Avoiding resistance
- Economic threshold
- IPM

Answer 5

Only apply insecticides if cost of application is less than cost of damage to crop
Chemical, biological, cultural controls all used together. Also use different modes of action

Question 6

Can fungi develop resistance?

Answer 6

Yes, quite easily b/c they release so many spores

Question 7

Discrete vs. Multi-step resistance

Answer 7

Discrete
- very quick and stable resistance

Multi-step
- gradual decrease in efficacy
- tends to return to its non resistant form if you switch modes of action for a while

Question 8

4 ways to avoid pesticide resistance

Answer 8

1. Mix up modes of action
2. Reduce # of applications
3. Use product as directed
4. IPM