Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Entomology > insect taxonomy > Flashcards

insect taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Neoptera refers to an infraclass of new winged insects, what are the two suborders within this

A

1) exopterygota = Hemimetabola, wings develop externally, nymph-> adult, no larval stage

2) endopterygota = Holometabola, most advanced insect order, wings develop internally, larvae->pupae->adult, larave look different to adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the advanatge of endopterygota larvae looking different to the adult stage compared to exopterygota whos nymph and adults look similar

A

there is no/ reduced competition between the two life stages as they occupy different niches e.g. larvae eat leaves vs butterflies feed on nectar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some of the species within the exopterygota sub order

A

1) plectoptera/stone flies
2) dictyoptera = cockroaches/termites/mantids
3) mantodea = mantids
4) Notoptera= ice crawlers/ heelwalkers
5) Dermatptera = earwigs
6) Orthoptera = grasshoppers/crickets/bush crickets
7) Phasmatodea = stick/leaf insects
8) embiotera = webspinners
9) Zoraptera = angel insects
10) psocodea = lice
11) hemiptera = true bugs
12) Thysanoptera = thrips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

outline plecoptera/stone flies

A

= good bioindicators as sensitive to organic pollution
= important in aquatic food chains
= wings have veins forming double ladder
= weak flying
= 7 families and 34 spp in UK
= double prong structures on anterior end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

outline Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) included in Dictyoptera

A

cockroaches= broad, flattned for fast running, toughened wings called tegmina, detrivores, 3 native UK spp

termites= social insects with castes, ecosystem engineers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

outline characteristics of the mantodea/mantids

A

= mobile, triangular head
= modifed front legs for prey capture
= tropical and sub tropical spp
= predators
~2000 known spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

outline characteristics of the notoptera/ice crawlers and heel walkers

A

discovered and rediscovered = name orginally coined in 1915 for group of fossil orthopteroids
= resurrected in 2004 after discovery of mantophasmatidae = wingless carnivores in Africa

ice crawlers= wingless extremophiles living in temps 1-4 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

outline characteristics of dermaptera/ earwigs

A

two prong structures called cerci on anterior end = staight in females, curved in males

flattened throax and abdomen
thickened forwing(tegmina)
hingwind large, semi-circular and membraneous with complex folding mechanism

female show parental care
omnivores and scavengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

outline characteristics of orthoptera/grasshoppers, crickets and bushcrickets

A
  • long hind legs modified for jumping
  • forewings often form striulatory organs
  • songs can be used for ID
  • herbivourous and detrivores
    ~20,000 spp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are orthoptera split into

A

1) caelifera = short antenna
2) ensifera = leggy/long antenna e.g. bushcricket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

outline characteristic of phasmatodea aka stick and leaf insects

A
  • slender (stick) or broad (leaf) body
  • slow moving herbivores confined to vegetation
  • defences include camoflage, bright coloured hindwings, spines and deaf feigning
  • none native to UK but 3 spp successfully established in cornwall, devon and isles of Scilly from New Zealand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

outline characteristics of embiotera aka webspinners

A
  • form silk galleries to live
  • swollen first tarsal segment contains silk glands
  • females = wingless
    herbivores
    ~200 spp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

outline the characteristics of zoraptera aka angel insects

A

small termite like
gregarious
rare
~30 spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

outline characteristics of psocodea aka lice

A

small and oftem cryptic
micoflora feeders
some spp pests of stored productes
detrivores

parasitic lice = ectoparasitic at juvinile/adult stage
- secondarily wingless
- dorsoventrally flattened
- eyes reduced/absent
- modified mouthparts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the four suborders in hemiptera aka true bugs

A

1) heteroptera= includes aquatic bugs
2) auchenorrhyncha = cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers
3) sternorrhyncha = includes aphids and scale insects
4) coleorrhyncha = contains only the family peloridiidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

outline characteristics of thysanoptera aka thrips

A

most spp 1-3 mm
narrow bodies and wings with reduced venation
wings carry fringes of long cilia
slender antenna
well developed eyes
mouthparts modifed= left manible only present
feed on fungi, leaves = crop pests

17
Q

outline the characteristics of the megaloptera aka alderflies in endopterygota

A
  • broad flattened head with biting mouthparts and large compound eyes
  • 2 pairs of similar wings
  • resemble neuroptera
  • all fresh water predator strong jaws
  • large heads and elongated bodies
18
Q

outline characteristics of neuroptera aka lacewigs, antlions, matidflies and relatives in endopterygota

A
  • head with large compound eyes
  • complex wing venation
  • larvae specalised predators with elongated mandibles adapted for piercing and sucking
  • body form varies between families depending on nature of prey
  • significant predator of pests
19
Q

outline characteristics of coleoptera aka beetles in endopterygota

A
  • largest insect group= challenging to indentify
  • hard elytra cover most of body
  • larvae main feeding stage= food may differ from adult and may occupy same or different habitat as adult
  • ID of larvae is hard as morphology differs
    ~370,000 known spp
20
Q

what are the coleoptera aka beetles split into

A

1) Adephaga
2) myxophaga = feed on algae
3) polyphaga = omnivore beetles

21
Q

outline characteristics of strepsiptera aka stylops in endopterygota

A
  • stylops refers to particular family of strepsipterans
  • endoparasites of insects such as bees, wasps, leafhoppers, silver fish and cockroaches
  • rarley seen
  • sexually dimorphic
  • females neotenic= look like larvae
22
Q

outline characteristics of mecoptera aka scorpion flies in endopterygota

A
  • easily recognisable by elongated mouthparts = rostrum
  • rostrum has biting and chewing parts at end
  • adults and larvae are scavengers
    ~550 known spp
23
Q

outline characteristics of raphidioptera aka snakeflies in endopterygota

A
  • mobile elongated pronotum
  • strong, specalised mouthparts
  • larvae heads with projecting mandible
  • three pairs of true legs but no prolegs
  • possess an adhesive organ on abdomen used to fasten themselves to vertical surfaces
24
Q

outline characteristics of siphonaptera aka fleas in the endopterygota

A
  • highly specalised life history and morphology
  • obligate parasites on mammals and birds
  • secondarily wingless and dark in colouration
  • legs long, hind pair adapted for jumping
  • larvae are small, pale, lack eyes and has mouthparts adapted for chewing
  • feeding on various organic matter especially the faeces of mature fleas
25
Q

outline the characteristics of diptera aka true flies in the endopterygota

A
  • diverse insect grouo
  • one pair of functional wings
  • hind wing modified into halteres
  • large compound eyes and 3 ocelli
  • larve = no true legs but some spp have prolegs
  • head not distinguishable from the body
26
Q

outline the characteristics of trichoptera aka caddisflies in endopterygota

A
  • nocturnal
  • two pairs of hairy/scaly wings
  • many adults do not feed/ few on nectar
  • aquatic larvae indicators of water quality
  • divided into three groups based on use of silk = net-making, case-making and free living
27
Q

outline characteristics of lepidoptera aka butterflies/moths in endopterygota

A
  • widespread and easily recognised
  • closley related to trichoptera
  • wings flattened scales
  • mouthparts adapted into tubular proboscis
  • important group of phytophagous insetcs
28
Q

outline characteristics of hymenoptera aka bees, wasps, sawflies and ants into endopterygota

A
  • largest and most complex of insect orders
  • wings linked by hamuli
  • haplodiploid sex determination= females = diploid, males= haploid
  • wide range of lifecycles. complex social behaviour
    majority of hymenoptera are parasitic
29
Q

what are hymenoptera split into

A

1) Apocrita = aculeata and parasitica
2) symphata

Entomology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions