Inquisition and Ethnic Minorities Flashcards
Describe the Moors during I+F after the Granada war
-moorish leaders were given their own lands in the southwest of Granada
-Talavera responsible for reintroducing catholicism in Granada and employed a conversion strategy that was respectful and tolerant to muslims
-1499 Talavera lost initiative to Cisneros who adopted more uncompromising stance to Moors
-Increased taxation on muslims
-40,000 christian settlers moved to Granada 1485-1498
-departure of Boabdil for Africa 1493 encouraged movement of Moors abroad
-F+I replaced policy of emigration to expulsion
-By 1502, all castile muslims forced to leave or convert
-Elites moved to North Africa
-100,000 killed in war
-200,000 fled Granada
-500,000 Moriscos left in Iberian peninsula
Why did Isabella want to expel the Moors?
-fears that muslims would ally with the enemies of spain in case of an invasion
-genuine desire to see spread of christianity among muslim lands
Why did Moors convert during Isabella and Ferdinand?
-to maintain their family structures as they were allowed to leave but had to leave their children behind
What was the impact of expulsion of the moors during Isabella and Ferdinand?
-most muslims remained and converted
-mainly found in Aragon and Ferdinand refused to extent policy there
Why did Isabella want to expel the Jews?
-became more pious
-advised by churchmen that having unified spain would increase her control
-100,000 conversos were living in close proximity of jews so she feared that they were secretly practicing jewish faith
-fear of converses mixed with resentment as they were wealthy
Why did Jewish people convert under Isabella and Ferdinand?
-fear and intimidation of expulsion from spain
-wanting to continue lifestyle and maintain property
What was the impact of expulsion of the Jews under Isabella and Ferdinand?
-policy had reverse effect and possibly doubled the number of false converts
-confiscating property enabled financial gain as they were wealthy but they held important jobs in finance and trade so jobs couldn’t be filled with resulted in a negative effect on the economy. The inquisition had high costs so there was minimal benefits and an overall decline in royal income
Describe the inquisition under Isabella and Ferdinand
-Isabellas confessor, Tomas de Torquemada gave her idea and informed her of atrocities committed by false converts
-Inquisition received papal approval 1478
-1480, first Auto de fe, 6 converses burned in Seville
-1482 Torquemada became inquisitor general
-1483, inquisition established in Aragon, argued that it violated fueros
-1484 Valencian Cortes denounced Inquisition as violation of Fueros
-1485 Inquisitor Pedro de Arbues assassinated in Aragon
-inquistion involved property confiscation, imprisonment, burning at stake, thumb screws, hot pincers and torture
-1481-88, 700 converses convicted and burned
-By 1480, 4000 converso families fled from Andalusia
-1488, 1000 killed in Valencia and between 1480,1500 40% of those arrested in Valencia were burned
describe the inquisition under Philip
-1559 Papal bull empowered inquisition by allowing it to take revenue from a canonry and prebend from every cathedral or collegiate church in spain and the canary islands
-1558 Philip heard there were protestant congregations in Valladolid and Seville
-1559 inquisition targeted the valladolid group in 2 auto de fe
-fear stemmed from growing calvinism
-1560 Philip ordered his Viceroy to monitor the borders and assist the inquisition in its investigations
-1564 Philip ordered Mendoza to improve the frontier fortifications
-1565 French ambassador warned him that calvinist Geneva was planning to disseminate heretical books in spain
-1570, Huegnot attack on Perpignan- unsuccessful, Catalan force drove them away
-800 people tried, mostly noble women
describe the index of forbidden books under Philip
-royal edict decreed that the importations of books without a royal license was a crime punishable by death- reinforced by appearance of indexes of forbidden books
-1559, Valdes, inquisitor general, brought out the first spanish index, 670 works were banned, only 170 of them were written in castillian
-1557 Caranza of Toledo accused of heresy in commentaries on the christian catechism- trial lasted 17yrs due to refusal of cooperation with valdes. 1567 case transferred to Rome and was further delayed by death of Pius V in 1572. decision made to suspend Caranza from his diocese and he retired to a monastery.
-St Teresa of Avila one of most eminent female authors in spain- wrote various devotional and mystical works and her biography “ the way of perfection and interior castle” She masterminded the reform of the Carmelite order (Promoted christianity) which led to notable increase in new communities.
-St John of the Cross was disciple of St Teresa and became a discalced Carmelite (dedicated himself to a life of prayer) Wrote numerous mystical works (Ascent of mount Carmel)
