inquiry Flashcards
what are the 4 variables
iv, dv.cv
extraneous variable
what is a directional hypothesis
a hypothesis that states the relationship between 2 variables
eg. Students who study for at least two hours per night will achieve significantly higher test scores than those who study for less than one hour per night
independant variable
the hting we are testing
depedant variable
the variable we measure
controlled variables
every other variable kept the same
extraneous variable
any factor that can affect the outcome of a study, but is not the main focus of the study
eg.age, gender, ethnicity, intelligence, personality traits, and health status
what are the 2 types of data?
qualitative and quantitative
what is qualitative data?
- categories, written in words
- it is normally asked in an open ended question
eg. describe phineas gages personality before and after the accident
pros of qualitative data?
- in depth understanding
- why and how
cons of qualitative data?
- subject to researcher bias
- time and resource consuming
what is quantitative data?
- numerical
eg. number of correct responses given on a test
pros of quantitative data?
statistics analysis
reliable
efficient
not objective
cons of quantitative data?
oversimplification
lack of context
reliance on assumptions
primary data
straight from source
direct observation
secondary data?
- data obtained through other people’s work
- when researchers use previous knowledge used in their own study
subjective data
based on an opinion
- data collected through observations of behaviour
eg. a child could be seen to be aggressive by throwing a ball at another child but they could have delayed motor skills and accidentally hit the child
what is bad about subjective data?
hard to compare and analyse because it involves attitudes and opinions of the researcher
objective data
-data that can be observed and measured.
-it is often numerical
-based on facts
what is bad about objective data?
does not take into account reasoning or external measures
