Inorganic Pharm Chem Flashcards
Rays which have no mass and no charge but of very high energy and excellent penetrating power are called?
Gamma
Ammoniated mercury is also known as
White precipitate
Examples of antacids which cause rebound hyperacidity
NaHCO3 & CaCO3
Which anion evolves a gas with a fruity odor when treated with conc sulfuric acid and ethanol?
CH3COO-
Which buffer system has been modified to include NaCl to make it isotonic with physiologic fluid?
Sorensen’s Phosphate buffer
Sulfide that is orange-red in color, insoluble in NH3 but soluble in excess (NH4)2S
Sb2S3
Artificial air contains:
20% oxygen & 80% helium
What is a mixture composed chiefly of potassium polysulfide and potassium thiosulfate?
Sulfurated potash
The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom is:
Ionization potential
The following are elements which form basic anhydrides except: Ca, Na, Mg, S
S
Simethicone-containing antacids contain simethicone as a/an:
Antifoaming agent
What element is used as glucose tolerance factor?
Cr
What is the first element produced artificially?
Technetium
Barium sulfate can be taken internally without causing any toxicity because:
It does not dissociate in the GIT
What is the drug of choice to combat systemic acidosis?
NaHCO3
This metal, in the form of thin foil, is used as a protective for burn treatment due to its property of conserving fluids and of stimulating tissue growth
Al
Both iron and copper are found in which respiratory enzyme
Cytochrome oxidase
Plaster of Paris is chemically
CaSO4 + 1/2 H2O
Gas/es considered officially as pharmaceutical inhalant:
N2
N2O
O2
He
Also known as salt-forming group of elements are the
Halogens
Major side effect from the use of Barium sulfate suspension as radiopaque
Constipation
The aluminum silicate that possesses antidiarrheal activity
Kaolin
Fehling’s & Benedict’s reagent contain what sulfate salt
CuSO4
Substance added to glass to improve its coefficient of expansion
B
Substance added to glass to mask the blue green color of the iron usually present in silica
MnO2
Substance added to glass to give brown color and light resistance.
K
Substance added to glass to increase its refractive index
Lead
Goiter is caused by the lack of ____ in the body
Iodine
Salts of this metal ion are used as mood stabilizer in psychiatry
Lithium
The element present in hemoglobin which plays an important role in oxygen transport
Fe
Components of the universal antidote
Activated charcoal
MgO
Tannic acid
In the form of its salt, this ion is essential to life being the structural basis of skeleton, and also an important factor in blood coagulation
Ca
This element is present in insulin
Zinc
Oxygen and ozone are
Allotropes
Softest mineral known
Talc
A 10 volume hydrogen peroxide is equivalent to ____% H2O2
3%
Mineral chameleon is the synonym of this powerful oxidizing agent
Potassium permanganate
This ion is used very effectively as astringent, protective and antiperspirant
Al
Strong iodine soln contains KI for the purpose of
Preventing precipitation
Prepared chalk or precipitated chalk is chemically known as
CaCO3
Rochelle salt, used as a cathartic and also as sequestering agent, is chemically
KNaC4H4O6
A metal which is unaffected by body fluids and attached itself to bones, is now used in surgical repairs of bones, nerves and muscles
Tantalum
Blue vitriol, an effective astringent and emetic is chemically
CuSO4 + 5H2O
All of the following ions are present in the intracellular fluid except: K+, Na+, Mg2+, HPO4-2
Na+
Bordeaux mixture contains what salt
Cupric sulfate (+CaO)
Calomel is
Hg2Cl2 (mercurous chloride)
Amalgams are alloys of
Mercury
The most electronegative element in the periodic table is
Fluorine
White vitriol is referred to
ZnSO4 + 7H2O
Saltpeter, a meat preservative, is the synonym for
KNO3
Most abundant and essential of all elements
Oxygen
The ff are aluminum salts except: alum, borax, kaolin, pumice
Borax (sodium borate)
Electrolyte replenisher in dehydration
Sodium chloride
Cream of tartar is
Potassium bitartrate
Employed topically as astringent and protectant in ointment
ZnO
A substance which takes up water or moisture but does not dissolve
Hygroscopic
Ammonia is used as
Respiratory stimulant
To kill microorganism in inanimate objects we simply use
Disinfectant
Laughing gas is a
General anesthetic
Increases osmotic load of the GIT
Saline cathartic (Epsom salt or Magnesium sulfate)
Inert gas with anesthetic properties
Krypton and Xenon
The ion that gives a Turnbulls’ blue precipitate with potassium ferricyanide
Ferrous
It forms white ppt with HCl but blackens upon addition of ammonium hydroxide
Mercurous
The ion that gives a purple solution with sodium bismuthate
Manganese
Talc is also known as
Soapstone
Talc is chemically known as
Hydrated magnesium silicate
This is a native of hydrous magnesium silicate
Talc
The ion that gives prussian blue ppt with potassium ferrocyanide
Ferric
The mechanism of action in the use of carbon as anti-diarrheal
Adsorption
Physiologically inert substances added to the main component of the tablet so it will be convenient to swallow are termed as
Diluents
Uses of astringent
Anti-perspirant
Caustic
Styptic
All of the ff are mechanisms of anti-microbial action, except: oxidation, halogenations, hydrolysis, precipitation
Hydrolysis
The ion that gives a white ppt with HCl which is soluble in excess ammonium hydroxide but precipitated upon addition of nitric acid
Silver
The ion that gives positive result to Rinmann’s Green Test
Zinc
According to this law, the rate of the reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrate of the reactants to the power of its coefficient in a balanced equation
Law of Mass Action
An agent that loses one or more electrons in a redox reaction
Reducing agent
Nickel ion in solution is colored
Green
Describes a process or reaction that absorbs heat
Endothermic
Aluminon reagent is chemically known as
Aluminum salt of aurintricarboxylic acid
The ion that produces an intense blue colored solution with an excess ammonia and a reddish brown precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide
Cupric
The ion that gives positive result to Thenard’s Blue Test
Aluminum
The ion that gives a yellow precipitate with NaOH and scarlet red precipitate with KI
Mercuric
The following can cause a shift of equilibrium except: catalyst, concentration, pressure, temperature
Catalyst
They are called the “soluble group” because they are all water soluble
Alkali metals
In the cation analysis, group I ions (Ag+, Pb+2, Hg2+2) are often called
Insoluble chloride group
In semi-micro procedures, the process of filtration is replaced by the use of
Centrifuge
It shows similar properties to that of sodium and potassium
Ammonium
A state in which the rate of forward reaction and reverse reactions are the same.
Chemical equilibrium
A rule that states that when a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve the stress
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Produces a blood red coloration with thiocyanate ion and a blue precipitate with hexacyanoferrate (II)
Ferric
A measure of a solution’s acid strength, the negative common log of the [H3O+]
pH
The isotope used in the determination of the volume of red blood cells and total blood volume
Cr-51
The amphoteric property of this compound prevents systemic alkalosis
Al(OH)3
Radiopharmaceutical agent for thyroid function
Sodium Iodide 131
Substance that shows strong conductivity property and a high degree of ionization
Strong electrolyte
The chemical properties of the elements depend upon the extent to which their electrons are
Lost
It gives the spatial orientation of the electron cloud with respect to the three areas in space
Magnetic quantum number
An acid which is a proton donor yield a
Conjugate base
Substances that absorb moisture from the atmosphere and dissolve in it is said to be
Deliquescent
This compound when mixed with the hemoglobin of the blood, results in asphyxial death
Carbon monoxide
The following are oxidizing agents except : K2Cr2O7, Na2C2O4, I2, KMnO4
Na2C2O4
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons of an atom
Mass number
All are iodine-containing preparations except: betadine, iodine tincture, formol, lugol’s solution
Formol
The ________ of any liquid is the temperature at which the liquid phase and the solid phase are in equilibrium under a pressure of one atmosphere
Freezing point
Epsom salt is synonymous to
Magnesium sulfate
A preparation made by incorporating a solution of lead subacetate with an ointment base consisting of wool fat, white wax, white petroleum and camphor
Goulard’s cerate
The smallest particle of matter which enters into chemical combination
Atom
Halogen used as a common water disinfectant
Chlorine
Transfer of solvent molecules thru a semi permeable membrane
Osmosis
Weight of solute in a given quantity of water is known as _______ of solution
Concentration
The chloride of this metal is an astringent, antiperspirant and deodorant
Al
Copper imparts a characteristic _________ color to a nonluminous flame
Emerald green
Weak electrolytes are
Poor conductors of electricity
Examples of protective from inorganic compounds except: kaolin, calamine, zinc oxide, glycerol
Glycerol
Laughing gas is for _______ preparation
Anesthetic
Heavy water is
D2O
Element common to all acids
Hydrogen
Carbonate salt for treatment of mental ailments
Li2CO3
Cinnabar is chemically
HgS
Oxides of typically non-metallic elements are
Acidic
The law that expresses the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of gases in the equation, PV=nRT
Ideal Gas Law
Most active of metallic elements
Alkali metals
Attractive forces created by the polarizability of molecules and are exerted when two uncharged atoms approach very closely
Van der Waals forces
This element is poisonous even in free metal form
Mercury
These are salts of chlorine except: saltpeter, rock salt, bleaching powder, calomel
Saltpeter
Benzalkonium chloride is a germicidal surfactant which is rendered inactive in the presence of
Soaps (anion agents)
It is the gas liberated upon the action of water on acids or metals whenever phosphorus is present as a contaminant
Phosphine
The technique used to detect the presence of trace amounts of metal contaminants
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Dimercaprol (BAL) acts as an antidote by a process called
Chelation
A solution made up of a weak base and its salt which resist changes in pH is called
Buffer solution
Calcium absorption and distribution are under a complex control of
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Thyrocalcitonin
Potassium supplements are administered in all of the following manners except: IV infusion, rapid IV injection, elixir PO, effervescent salts, slow release PO
Rapid IV injection
After oral administration, the greatest amount of iron absorption occurs in the
Duodenum
A specific antidote for the treatment of poisoning due to oral ingestion of silver nitrate would be the oral administration of
NSS
The ff will react with water to form basic solution: sulfur trioxide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide
Ammonia
An ion that often shows expectorant action
Iodide
Which of the following reduces iodine? (Iodide, phosphate, fluoride, iodate, perchlorate)
Iodide
Radioisotopes decay
Randomly
Lugol’s solution contains this element as its active component
Iodine
The composition of agua regia is
3HCl and HNO3
Index of protective power of colloids
Zigmondy
This halogen is employed in the prevention of dental caries
Fluorine
Burrows solution is also known as
Aluminum acetate soln
Densest element in the periodic table
Os
This instrument is used to measure sodium and potassium in quantitatively
Flame photometer
Hard water does not lather with soap. This is due to:
Mg and Ca
The acid found in the stomach is
Hydrochloric
Occurs when either the salts of various organic acids or organic substituted ammonium salts are added to aqueous solutions of non-electrolytes
Salting in
The major physiological ions include the following except: sodium, potassium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium
Manganese
The following are photometric methods of analysis, except: turbidimetry, spectrophotometry, chromatography, flame photometry
Chromatography
Science that deals with the methods of extracting the metal from their ores
Metallurgy
Sulfate of this metal is an emetic
Copper
Cupric sulfate is also known as
Blue vitriol or Blue stone
A homogenous molecular dispersion of two or more substances
Solution
Group of elements which is considered to be the most reactive of all metallic elements
Group I-A (alkali metals)
A powerful reducing agent used in medicinal preparation
Hypophosphorous acid
Irritative phenomenon to the skin and mucus membrane exhibited by rashes and headache when excessive amount of Iodine is administered
Iodism
Salts are formed as a result of the reaction between the ff except:
(1) inorganic acid and inorganic base
(2) water and a metal
(3) water and non-metallic element
(4) an organic acid and an inorganic base
Water and non-metallic element
Epsom salt is used as
Antiphlogistic
Anticonvulsant
Cathartic
The ff are official combinations of electrolyte infusions except: Oral electrolyte solutions Lactated Ringer's Injection Ringer's injection USP Dextrose 5% injection
Dextrose 5% injection
Antidote for Wilson’s disease
Penicillamine
Which of the following Group 0 elements is recovered from the radioactive decay of radium
Radon
Mephitic air
Nitrogen
An organic compound which may either be a weak acid or a weak base that can change color at a definite pH value
Indicator
Sodium citrate use
Anticoagulant in vitro
These ions are cathartic in action except: Phosphate Sulfate Tartrate Acetate Magnesium
Acetate
Chemical name of green vitriol
Ferrous sulfate
Chemical name of caustic soda
Sodium hydroxide
Commercial preparations of simethicone containing antacids
Di-gel
Mylanta
Simeco
Official water used for the extemporaneous compounding of the parenterals for either IV or IM injection is
Sterile water for injection
An aqueous solution of this acid will color turmeric paper brownish red
Boric acid
Coinage metals
Copper
Silver
Gold
Gas responsible for the oxidative changes in fats, paints and oil
Oxygen
Reasons for controlling pH within certain specified limits are
Chemical stability
Solubility
Patient’s comfort
Chemical name of china clay
Kaolin
Pharmaceutic aid used to displace air to increase the shelf life of an oxidizable product
Nitrogen
A measure of the acidity of a solution
pH
Preparations used for brain scanning to determine the presence and location of neo-plastic lesions
Tc 99 injection
Tartar emetic USP use
Schistosomiasis tx
It is used as an inhalant in all pathological conditions accompanied by cyanosis and dyspnea
Oxygen
Produced by filling an orbital by an electron which is not removes from its atom but is held mutually or “shared” by 2 atoms concerned
Covalent bond
Element that imparts a characteristic violet color to non-luminous flame
Potassium
Generic term referring to vitreous material
Glass
The syllable “bi” in sodium bicarbonate and sodium biphosphate indicates that they are
Acid salts
They are chemically compounds containing elements of high atomic numbers which will stop the passage of x-rays
Radiopaque contrast media
Brand name of Al(OH)3
Amphogel
Are compounds which have the capability of functioning chemically as reducing agents
Antioxidants
They are preparations containing radioisotopes which are used internally for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes
Radiopharmaceuticals
Which of the following ions is colored blue in solution? Cupric Cuprous Ferric Ferrous
Cupric
The formation of dental caries is distributed to the action of acids, mostly _______, obtained from oral bacterial metabolism of dietary carbohydrates.
Lactic acid
When too much fluoride is present in the tissue fluid, it can develop condition known as “dental fluorosis” which is also known as
Mottled enamel
Compound responsible for the pink color of calamine USP 24
Ferric oxide
It is administered in an ice-cold condition to lessen its disagreeable bitter taste; parenterally used as an anticonvulsant
Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate)
Pharmaceutical ingredient of Calamine USP 24
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an ingredient in
Coal tar ointment Calamine Compound resorcinol ointment Zinc-Eugenol cement ZnO paste
Which of the following are examples of covalent bonds?
The bond that hold water molecules together
The bonds that hold the two strands of a double-stranded DNA
Peptide bonds and glycosidic bond
The bonds that hold Na and Cl in table salt
Peptide bonds and glycosidic bonds
Bond that holds the two strands of a double-stranded DNA
Phosphodiester bond
An antimicrobial used in the preparation of white lotion
Sulfurated potash
The cations that cause group of their antacids to have constipating property
Al and Ca
An antacid with a very rapid onset of action but relatively short duration; can cause belching and flatulence due to the production of gas
Sodium bicarbonate
It is the basis of smelling salts and occasionally used as leavening agent hence the name of “Baker’s Ammonia”
Ammonium carbonate
An anti-microbial agent that may be used to disinfect drinking water in 3 drops per quart; will kill amoeba and bacteria in 15 mins.
Sodium hypochlorite
Used as respiratory stimulant by inhaling the vapors
Aromatic spirit of ammonia
A compound added to some antacids to serve as defoaming agent to prevent flatulence
Simethicone
The molarity of a solution is
Number of moles solute per liter solution
The form of water most commonly used as a solvent during the manufacture of parenterals is
Water for injection
This is used to describe the approximate measure of the size of the electron cloud
Principal quantum number
If the ion product is less than Ksp, the solution is
Unsaturated
What pKa value will function best as a buffer at physiological pH?
pKa value nearest to 7.4, the physiological pH
A type or structure of complex where the interactant is a surfactant, a molecule possessing both a non-polar and a polar portion
Micelle
The method of preparation must be indicated on labels for
Purified water, USP
Conformation of organic molecules is most commonly determined by which analytical method?
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Which of the following is an example of triprotic acid? Acetic acid Carbonic acid Sulfuric acid Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid
Elements that are found as diatomic molecules include all except: Oxygen Fluorine Potassium Iodine Hydrogen
Potassium
The Henderson-Hasselbach equation allows us to
Calculate the molar ratio of an acid and its conjugate base from the pKa of the acid and the pH of the solution of the acid
Atoms in which two outermost electron shells are incomplete refer to
Transition metals
Properties of soft bases
Low electronegativities
Empty low-lying orbitals
Easily oxidized
High polarizabilities
It is equal to the product of the ionic concentrations (in moles per liter of saturated solution), with each concentration raised to the power indicated by the number of ions in the formula
Ksp
The degree of dissociation of acids is often expressed in terms of pKa. pKa then is
The reciprocal log of the dissociation constant
What glass type does not contain soda lime?
Type I
The shrinkage occurring between the mixture of alcohol and purified water is primarily due to
Hydrogen bonding
A disease found in Japan caused by drinking water contaminated with cadmium
Itai-itai disease
Factors influencing equilibrium of a chemical reaction
Nature of reactant
Changes in pressure
Temperature changes
Concentration changes
It contains iron in solution or in suspension and are characterized by a ferruginous taste
Chalybeate water
Contain Na2SO4 & MgSO4 + NaHCO3
Alkaline water
Charged with CO2 under pressure
Carbonated water
Contains lithium in the form of carbonate or chloride
Lithia water
Sometimes called purgative waters
Saline water
Water containing hydrogen sulfide
Sulfur water
Water containing very small quantities of soluble alkali silicates
Siliceous water
Water that is fit to drink
Potable water
What glass type makes use of water attack test?
Type II
This refers to an electrically neutral unit formed when two or more atoms are joined together by covalent bond.
Molecule
Which of the ff is not an action of sulfur? Cathartic Parasiticide Fumigation Depilatories Reye's syndrome
Reye’s syndrome
This compound is primarily used in the preparation of Vleminck’s solution.
Sublimed sulfur
Vleminckx’s solution is also known as
Sulfurated lime solution
Iron sorbitex is a chemical complex of
Iron
Sorbitol
Citric acid
Dextrin
Constituents of Ladd’s paste
Aluminum powder
Liquid petrolatum
Zinc oxide
Which of the ff is not an indication of hypophosphatemia?
Hypervitaminosis D
Hyperparathyroidism
Lack of phosphate reabsorption
Hypervitaminosis D
This formula can be determined given the percent composition by mass of the compound
Empirical formula
The unit for molar mass of carbon-12
Gram
If enthalpy is positive, the reaction is
Endothermic
The color of the flame produced by lithium
Carmine red
Hyperphosphatemia may be found in (hypoparathyroidism/hyperparathyroidism)
Hypoparathyroidism
It is an official antidote for phosphorus poisoning
Blue vitriol
Element that acts as a catalyst for the storage and release of iron
Copper
Element that is important in the antioxidant capabilities of vitamin E
Selenium
In a REDOX reaction, the oxidizing agent is (reduced/oxidized)
Reduced
Radioactive substances are characterizes by
Unstable nucleus
Emitting radiation
Low proton-neutron ratio
The rate of decay of radioactive substance is expressed in terms of
Half-life
Crystallization in supersaturated solution may be induced by
Stirring the solution
Seeding
Scratching the inside wall of the test tube
Different nuclides having the same mass number
Isobars
Principle which states that it is impossible to accurately determine simultaneously the position and motion of an electron
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Colligative properties of solutions
Freezing point depression
Boiling point elevation
Vapor pressure lowering
Osmotic pressure
Colligative properties of solution are dependent on
The number of molecules present
When orbitals are of the same energy, electrons distribute themselves one to each orbital before pairing according to
Hund’s rule
If one mole of oxygen molecule weighs 32 grams, how many molecules are present in one mole of O2?
6.02 x 10^23
Anode is an electrode where (reduction/oxidation) occurs
Oxidation
No two electrons in an atom can have all four quantum numbers the same
Pauli’s exclusion principle
A system in which two opposing reactions are proceeding at the same rate
Chemical equilibrium
Going across a period from left to right and from bottom to top a group in the periodic table, which law decreases?
Atomic size, metallic property, basicity
The most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust
Aluminum
What is the effect of adding NH4Cl to a solution of NH4OH?
Decreased [OH-] conc
Which hydroxide is not amphoteric? Al(OH)3 Zn(OH)2 Cr(OH)3 Mn(OH)2
Mn(OH)2
Which of the following is not yellow? CdS Ag2CrO4 Ag3PO4 Ag3AsO3
Ag2CrO4 (red)
Nessler’s reagent is used to identify
NH4+
Used in the treatment of cystitis with methenamine
Sodium bisphosphate
Prolonged use of silver nitrate may lead to this undesirable discoloration of the skin
Argyria
This ion produces violet color to the non-luminous flame
Potassium
Radioisotopes can be produced from the following except: Nuclear pile Cyclotron X-ray machine Radioisotope cow
X-ray machine
The radiopharmaceutical which is used as a diagnostic aid to determine blood plasma volume and cardiac output
Iodine 131
Used for kidney imaging or determining renal function
Tc 99 heptagluconate
The following oxides are acidic with water except: Cl2O7 N2O3 FeO SO2
FeO
A mixture containing 30% ZnS and 70% BaS
Lithopone
Sb+ in the presence of HCl gives a violet precipitate with this pink dye
Rhodamine B
Method of sterilizing sodium bicarbonate for parenteral use
Autoclaving
Bacteriologic filtration
Heating in an open vessel & re-saturating with sterile CO2
The ff are non-systemic antacids except Aluminum hydroxide Sodium carbonate Dihydroxy aluminum sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (systemic alkalinizer and antacid)
NH4Cl is contraindicated in patients with
Impaired hepatic function
The radiopharmaceutical used for hepatobiliary studies
Tc 99m HIDA
The indicator used for the USP limit test for arsenic
Ag diethyldithiocarbamate
Povidone-Iodine, a water soluble, non-toxic, non-staining and a slow releasing antiseptic is a complex of iodine with
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
Zinc deficiency characterized by thickened scaly inflamed skin is known as
Parakeratosis
Primary HCO3- excess
Metabolic alkalosis
Dehydration and decreased renal blood flow are conditions of
Hyperchloremia
The following are respiratory stimulants except Soda lime Carbon dioxide Ammonium carbonate Aromatic ammonia spirit
Soda lime
Anemia due to decreased blood formation can be caused by deficiencies of key materials
Cobalamin
Folic acid
Pyridoxine
Fe
Used as wet dressing for persons suffering from third degree burns
KMnO4
A dentifrice which contains formalin and reduces the sensitivity of teeth to heat and cold
Thermodent
A halogen characterized as a dark, reddish brown, fuming liquid with suffocating odor
Bromine
Tartar emetic, known to be an effective antischistosomal agent is
Antimony potassium tartrate
Use of sodium bisulfite
Anti-oxidant
Slaked lime is
Ca(OH)2
Mechanism of antibacterial action of potassium permanganate solutions
Oxidation
He discovered oxygen and called it empyreal air
Scheele
MgNH4PO4 is the only ________ phosphate
White
White precipitate is also known as
Ammoniated mercury
It acts as antacid in small doses, and as a laxative in large doses
Magnesium
This compound is used as carbon dioxide absorber
Soda lime
