Biochemistry Flashcards
The order and sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide determines what protein structure
Primary
The inhibition in a noncompetitive reaction
Binds simultaneously with substrate other that the active site
Amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the organism are called
Essential amino acids
Which hormone regulates the level of blood sodium
Aldosterone
Its a precursor of vitamin A
B-carotene
Which of the ff is a precursor of vit D Prostaglandin Linoleic acid Cholesterol Aldosterone
Cholesterol
7-dehydrocholesterol -> cholecalciferol (vit D3)
Class enzymes introduces a double bond by the removal of hydrogen
Dehydrogenase
The ionic property of amino acid is exhibited by its
Zwitterions form
All of the ff are simple proteins except Glutelins Globulins Albumins Glycoproteins
Glycoproteins (proteins with oligosaccharides)
Simplest monosaccharide
Glyceraldehyde
Denaturation of protein is a result of
Breaking of H bond
Competitive inhibition is a ______ reaction
Reversible
In the seliwanoffs test, the reaction of resorcinol and acid on the sugar forms
Hydroxymethyl furfural
High conc of neutral salts caused the ppt of proteins. This is called
Salting out
The type of enzyme inhibition reaction whereby the inhibitor competes with the substrate at the active site
Competitive inhibition
The ff are waxes except Beeswax Sperm oil Bile acids Lanolin
Bile acids
The inactive form of enzymes are called
Zymogens
Protein portion of the holoenzyme (enzyme with the cofactor)
Apoenzyme
Which of the ff has no alpha amino group Proline Hydroxyproline Glycine Both a and b
Both a and b contain imino group
An enzyme is a substance which
Act as a catalyst
Milk curdling enzyme present in gastric juice of infants
Rennin
Carbohydrates are
Polyhydroxyaldehydes/polyhydroxyketones
Insulin is usually classified as
Hormone
What amt of glucose is present in human blood
60-90mg in 100mL blood
It is the organelle which serves as the site of the electron transport chain
Mitochondria
The end product of the hydrolysis of glycogen is
Glucose
Iodine test is a reaction which may be used to identify carbohydrates. The reaction is due to
Presence of amylose portion
Benedicts reagent yield positive result to
Reducing sugars
Hypertonic solns will cause the cell to
Shrink
Rancidity of fats maybe due to
Oxidation
The deficiency of this hormone causes diabetes mellitus
Insulin
The active proteolytic enzyme in gastric juice
Pepsin
The site of oxidation reaction in electron transport chain is in the
Mitochondrion
Protein digestion atrts in the
Stomach
The conversion of an amino acid to sugar is
Gluconeogenesis
Which of the ff is not an amino acid Leucine Choline Valine Glycine
Choline is a nitrogenous base
The protein part of the enzyme molecule is the
Apoenzyme
Optimum temperature for enzyme activity in the body
37C
Glucose is stored in the liver as
Glycogen
The enzyme conformation adapts to the incoming substrate in
Induced fit theory
The process of converting glucose into glycogen is called
Glycogenesis
All are pyrimidine bases except Guanine Cytosine Uracil Thymine
Guanine and adenine are purine bases
Glucose, amino acid and fatty acid enter the citric acid cycle by their conversion into
Acetyl coA
A hormone which stimulates glycogenesis
Insulin
Chemicals extracted from organism such as bacteria and can inhibit or destroy other microorganism
Antibiotic
The gland or tissue that regulates the blood glucose level
Pancreas
Which vitamin is formed in the body by exposure to ultraviolet irradiation or sunlight
D
Excess vit A and D is stored in the body, but excess vit B and C is readily excreted. What property shows this?
Vit C and B are water soluble
Vit A and D are fat soluble
It is the entire genetic makeup of an organism
Gene
The vitamin which is used in the prevention of degenerative changes in the CNS
Vit B complex
It is a model which best explains the enzyme-substrate action
Lock and key
The activation of pepsinogen requres
HCl
DNA is primarily found in the
Nucleus/Mitochondria
It is the enzyme which hydrolyzes starch to dextrin and maltose
Amylase
A synthetic DNA is called
Recombinant DNA
Hydrolysis of ATP is an
Energy producing reaction
Characteristic of lipid
Hydrophobic
It is a condition that results when sugar level is below normal
Hypoglycemia
An example of globular protein
Albumin
Complementary base pairs in the DNA double helix are bonded by
H bond
Which nitrogen base is not found in DNA
Uracil
Both DNA and RNA: adenine and guanine (purine); cytosine (pyrimidine)
DNA - thymine
RNA - uracil
An organic cofactor in an enzyme
Vitamins
Coenzyme
At what stage of glucose oxidation is moat of the energy produced
Aerobic stage
The best known building blocks of RNA and DNA are
Purines
Pyrimidines
It is responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic info
DNA
Build up of urea in the blood is called
Uremia
The transfer of genetic info from DNA by the formation of mRNA
Transcription
What is the end product of electron transport chain
Water
The energy producing reaction
Catabolic
It is the molecule that directs the activity of the cells
DNA
Te sugar involved in DNA
Deoxyribose
Sugar involved in RNA
Ribose
The common metabolic pathway
Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle
Rosenheims test is used to detect the presence of
Choline
Detects the presence of alpha amino acids
Ninhydrin
The process of producing fats from acetyl coA is called
Lipogenesis
The ff are test reagents to detect the presence of amino acids except Girgnards Xanthoproteic Millon-nasse Sakaguchi
Grignards
Amino acid test that gives a yellow color to tryptophan and tyrosine due to presence of phenyl group with which the nitric acid reacts
Xanthoproteic test
Amino acid test gives a deep red color to tyrosine due to preaence of hydroxyphenyl group
Millon-nasse
Amino acid test gives a reddish violet color at the zone of contact of two fluids with tryptophan
Hopkins-cole
The condition that lowers the pH of the blood due to starvation is called
Acidosis
Te subs responsible for the emulsion of fats is
Bile acids
Hubl’s soln is used to ascertain degree of
Unsaturation
IUPAC name of acrolein
Propenal
The positive indication for the presence of glycerol in acrolein test
Silver mirror formed in the test tube
Cerebrosides are positive in the ff tests except
Molisch
Biuret
Lassaigne’s
Biuret
Osmic test is used to detect the presence of _____ in lipida
Prosthetic groups
The most sensitive chemical test to detect the presence of cholesterol
Liebermann-Burchard
The ff are phospholipids except Plasmalogen Lecithin Cephalin Choline
Choline is a nitrogenous base
A mixed triglyceride contains
Three diff fatty acids esterified with glycerol
The central compound found in the structure of sphingolipids
Sphingosine
Lipid whose specific teat is the Furter-Meyer test
Tocopherol
Ppt of ____ indicates the presence of phospholipids in the lipid sample
Ammonium phosphomolybdate
The ff are glycolipids except Globosides Phosphatides Gangliosides Cerebrosides
Phosphatides
Parent compound of phospholipids
Phosphatidic acid
A non-pentose sugar which is also positive for tollena test
Cellobiose
The reagent present in Molisch teat which is responsible for the dehydration reaction
Sulfuric acid
ID test to detect the presence of glycogen
Iodine
The only sugar readily forms insoluble osazone crystals
Mannose
Important structural material found in the exoskeletons of many lower animals
Chitin
Hydrolysis of osazones produce
Ozones
General term for a group of polysaccharides present on the primary cell wall
Pectin
Specific test for galactose, due to the formation of highly insol crystals
Mucic acid
Type of RNA which serves as template for the amino acid sequence being synthesized
mRNA
Positive indication for Anthrone test
Blue green color
Differentiating teat bet helical and linear polysaccharides
Iodine
The diff bet benedicts and barfoeds test reagent
pH of soln
Hydrolytic product of chitin
Acetylglucosamine
Glucose and fructose are
Geometric isomers
Alkaline bismuth reagent is used to detect the presence of
Reducing sugars
Action of dilute alkali on sugars
Tautomerization
The addition a pentose sugar to a base produces
Nucleoside
Nucleoside + phosphate group
Nucleotide
Central dogma concept wherein the RNA molecule is used as template for the synthesis of DNA molecule
Transcription
The ff proteins are present in egg white except Ovomucin Ovoglobulin Albumin Osseomucoid
Osseomucoid
Anaerobic glycosides occurs in the
Cytoplasm
Osazone test is also known as
Kowarsky test
Genetic defect characterized by mental retardation and cataract, since the unmetabolized sugar is toxic to the lens of the eyes
Galactosemia
Pyridoxine is a compound of this enzyme
Decarboxylase
In man, principal end product of protein metabolism is
Urea
Condition wherein acetone accumulates in the blood
Ketonemia
Glutamine is a _____ amino acid
Neutral
Oxidation product of ketone bodies
Carbon dioxide
Phosphoprotein found in egg yolk
Vitelin
Amino acids positive for sakaguchi reaction
Arginine
Histidine is negative for
Sodium nitroprusside
An official simple protein obtained from corn
Zein
Principle involved in the isolation of casein milk
Isoelectric ppt
Process of converting liver glycogen into blood glucose
Glycogenolysis
Genetic info is stored and carried in all cells by
Double stranded DNA
Principal site for the synthesis of urea
Liver
Pentose present in gum arabic
Arabinose
What is responsible for the transfer of genetic info
DNA
Only form of inorganic nitrogen which can be utilized by living cells
Ammonia
The 9 essential amino acids
Histidine Leucine Isoleucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Arginine Valine
The chief end product of purine metabolism in man
Uric acid
Presence of glucose in appreciable amts in the urine
Glycosuria or glucosuria
The ff are tests for kidney efficiency except Phenylsulfophthelein test Urea clearance test Water output test Crystallization test
Crystallization
Growth hormone is also known as
Somatotropin
Condition wherein bile pigment is present in excess in the blood
Jaundice
Principal digestive constituent of the gastric juice
Pepsin
Condition wherein the conc of uric acid accumulates in blood reaches as high as 15mg%
Gout
The study of the composition and the chemical processes occurring in the living matter is
Biochemistry
What is wobble
Ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at the third base
The most impt function of HCl in the stomach is
Activation of pepsinogen
Transamination is
Conversion of amino acids to keto acids
The lipid that is converted to vit d2 upon irradiation
Ergosterol
The metabolic degradation of hemoglobin takes place principally in
Reticuloendothilial system
The amino acid that is important precursor of Hgb is
Glycine
