Inorganic Compounds

Question 1

INORGANIC COMPOUNDs

Answer 1

usually lack carbon (except CO2 / HCO3- / H2CO3)
- water // salt // acids // bases (ionic + covalent bonds)

HCO3- -bicarbonate, H2CO3 - carbonic acid

Question 2

WATER

POLARITY

Answer 2

most important inorganic compound due to its polarity

polarity = excellent solvent // cohesion (tendancy to stick together) // resist temp. change)

polar covalent bonds + bent shape - allows each water molecule to interact w/ neighbouring ions/molecules

Question 3

WATER

HIGH HEAT CAPACITY

Answer 3

absorbs heat energy - used to break hydrogen bonds = less energy to increase movent of water molecules

Question 4

WATER

HIGH HEAT of VAPORIZATION

Answer 4

large amount of energy required for changing state from liquid to gas

Question 5

WATER

LUBRICANT

Answer 5

major component of mucus + other lubricants in the human body

-especially in the chest + abdominal cavities + joints + G.I. tract

Question 6

SOLVENT

Answer 6

any substance, usually liquid, which is capable of dissolving one or several substances, thus creating a solution

Question 7

WATER as a

SOLVENT

Answer 7

polar covalent bonds + bent shape - allows each water molecule to interact w/ neighbouring ions/molecules

Question 8

SOLUTEs

Answer 8

are charged // have polar covalent bonds = hydrophillic
- dissolve easily in water
e.g. sugar // salt

Question 9

HYDROPHILLIC

Answer 9

polarized molecules - attracted to water

Question 10

HYDROPHOBIC

Answer 10

non-polarized molecules - NOT attracted to water
e.g. animal fat // veg. oils

Question 11

HYDROLYSIS

Answer 11

addition of H2O - during catabolic reaction

HYDRO - water, LYSIS - greek for loosen

Question 12

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

Answer 12

creation of H2O - during anabolic reaction

anabolic - build up

Question 13

SOLUTION

Answer 13

smaller particles dissolved evenly - transparent

Question 14

COLLOID

SOLUTION

Answer 14

larger particles - NOT transparent

Question 15

SUSPENSION

SOLUTION

Answer 15

particles will mix, but will settle + separate

Question 16

CONCENTRATION

of MOLECULEs

Answer 16

PERCENT of mass per volume
mole = mol/L - total # of molecules in a given volume of solution

Question 17

AVGADRO’s NUMBER

MOLE

Answer 17

6.023 x 10**23*

a MOLE of anything = this # of particles in a volume of solution

Question 18

DISSOCIATE

ACID // BASE // SALTs

Answer 18

ACID // BASE // SALTs - separate into ions, become surrounded by water

Question 19

ACIDs

ACID // BASE // SALTs

Answer 19

ACIDs - dissociate into 1 or more H+ & 1 or more cations

Question 20

BASEs

ACID // BASE // SALTs

Answer 20

BASEs - dissociate into 1 or more OH- & 1 or more anions

• remove H+ from a solution
• aka proton acceptor

Question 21

SALTs

ACID // BASE // SALTs

Answer 21

SALTs - dissociate into both anion + cations (OH- // H+)

Question 22

pH SCALE

Answer 22

[H+] in mol/L
0 - 14
7 - balanced // H+ = OH-

human range - 7.35 - 7.45, < 7.35 = acidosis, > 7.45 = alkalosis

Question 23

BUFFER SYSTEMs

Answer 23

covert strong acids/bases -> weak acid/bases
- decreasing effects of pH changes in blood

Question 24

BICARBONATE&raquo_space; CARBONIC ACID

BUFFER SYSTEM

Answer 24

[H+] + [HCO3-]&raquo_space; [H2CO3]

removes [H+] via bicarbonate anabolism

products = carbonic acid = weak acid

Question 25

CARBONIC ACID&raquo_space; BICARBONATE

BUFFER SYSTEM

Answer 25

[H2CO3]&raquo_space; [H+] + [HCO3-]

creates additional [H+] via carbonic acid catabolism

product = [H+] = strong acid, bicarbonate = weak base