Elements Flashcards
1
Q
How many elements normally present in the human body?
A
26
2
Q
How many MAJOR, LESSER & TRACE elements in the human body?
A
MAJOR - 4
LESSER - 8
TRACE - 14
3
Q
What are the MAJOR elements in the human body?
A
- oxygen [O2]
- carbon [C]
- hydrogen[H2]
- nitrogen [N2]
4
Q
What are the LESSER elements in the human body
A
- calcium [Ca]
- phosphorus [P]
- potassium [K]
- sulfur [S]
- sodium [Na]
- chlorine [Cl]
- magnesium [Mg]
5
Q
What are the TRACE elements in the human body
A
- aluminum [Al]
- born [B]
- chromium [Cr]
- cobalt [Co]
- copper [Cu]
- fluorine [F]
- iodine [I]
- manganese [Mn]
- molybdenum [Mo]
- selenium [Se]
- silicon [Si]
- tin [Sn]
- vanadium [V]
- zince [Zn]
6
Q
What is an ORGANIC molecule?
A
carbon-containing molecule
7
Q
Oxygen
MAJOR - [O2] - 65%
A
- used to generate ATP
e.g. water, organic molecules
ATP - adenosinetriphosphate - temporay stored energy
8
Q
Carbon
MAJOR - [C] - 18.5%
A
- forms backbone/rings of ALL organic molecules
e.g. carbohydrates // lipids // proteins // nucleic acids
9
Q
Hydrogen
MAJOR - [H2] - 9.5%
A
- ionized form [H+] - increases pH in bodily fluids
e.g. constituent of water // most organice molecules
10
Q
Nitrogen
MAJOR - [N2] - 3.2%
A
- component of ALL proteins & nucleic acids
11
Q
Calcium
LESSER - [Ca] - 1.5%
A
- contributes to hardness of bones/teeth
- ionized form [Ca2+] - involved in many processes
e.g. blood clotting //hormone release // muscle contraction - etc
12
Q
Phosphorus
LESSER - [P] - 1%
A
- component in nucleic acids + ATP
- required for normal bone/tooth structure
13
Q
Potassium
LESSER - [K] - 0.35%
A
- ionized form [K+] - plentiful cation in ICF
- needed to generate action potentials
ICF - intracellular fluid
14
Q
Sulfur
LESSER - [S] - 0.25%
A
- component of some vitamins + many proteins
15
Q
Sodium
LESSER - [Na] - 0.2%
A
- ionized form [Na+] - plentiful cation in ECF
- needed to generate action potentials
- essential to maintaining water balance
ECF - extracellular fluid
