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GCSE Chemistry > Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is significant about elements in a group?

A

They all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell, similar chemical properties

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2
Q

What is signifcant about the period number of an element?

A

Same number as the number of occupied electron shells

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3
Q

What are 3 properties of non-metals?

A

Low melting and boiling points, don’t tend to conduct electricity, form negative ions in their compounds

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4
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

High densities, high melting and boiling points, good conductors of electricity and heat

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5
Q

What is significant about group 1 in the periodic table?

A

They are all Alkane metals

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6
Q

What is significant about group 7 in the periodic table?

A

They’re all halogens, with the most reactive being towards the top of the group (opposite to the rest)

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7
Q

What is significant about group 0 / 8 in the periodic table?

A

Noble gases (not reactive)

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8
Q

What reactions do group 1 elements have with water?

A

Lithium = fizzing, moving irregularly
Sodium = fizzing vigorously, moves faster, more gas given off, turns into a ball
Potassium = lilac flame, fizzes gently

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9
Q

Why do group one metals get more reactive down the group?

A

The number of shells increase, the outer electron is further from the nucleus (less strongly attached) so less energy is required to remove the outer electron

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10
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

It creates a salt and a hydrogen gas

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11
Q

What’s the composition of air?

A

21% oxygen
78% nitrogen
0.9% argon
0.04% carbon dioxide and water vapour

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12
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

Where a more reactive metal can replace a less reactive metal from a compound

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13
Q

What colour is Fluorine at room temperature?

A

Pale yellow

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14
Q

What colour is chlorine at room temperature?

A

Yellow/green

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15
Q

What colour is Bromine at room temperature?

A

Brown

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16
Q

What colour is iodine at room temperature ?

A

Grey

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17
Q

What colour is Fluorine in an aqueous solution?

A

Pale yellow - no colour change

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18
Q

What colour is Chlorine in an aqueous solution?

A

Pale yellow

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19
Q

What colour is Bromine in an aqueous solution?

A

Orange

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20
Q

What colour is Iodine in an aqueous solution?

A

Dark brown

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21
Q

What happens in a displacement reaction that involves halogens?

A

The halogen in a compound is replaced with a more reactive one

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22
Q

How do you do a halogen displacement practical?

A

Put chlorine and bromine water and iodine solution in a spotting tile, add potassium (in a mix with one of the other chemicals in the tile) to each one and record colour changes

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23
Q

What is the reaction of O2 with Mg?

A

Place metal ribbons in a pot and heat with bunsen burner, reacts with oxygen and shines bright white light, turns into white powder

24
Q

What are some uses of CO2?

A

Makes drinks fizzy, fire extinguishers

25
What are problems with CO2?
Greenhouse gas, absorbs infrared radiation, causes climate change, causes acid rain
26
What are problems caused by acid rain?
Damages limestone buildings, alters rivers or lakes PH - harms plants and animals, crops die - alters soils PH
27
What do impurities in sulfur form in fuel and what does it create in water?
Sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid
28
When Nitrogen reacts in engines what does it produce and what does that react with water to make?
Nitrogen oxides, nitric acid
29
What are catalytic converters used for?
Converting nitrogen oxides back into inert nitrogen gas
30
How does the sun heat the earth?
Heat energy from the sun enters they atmosphere, some is retained and keeps the planet warm while the rest is reflected back into space
31
What is thermal decomposition?
Breaking down of substances using heat
32
How do you test the purity of water?
Heat and if its pure it will boil at 100 degrees
33
What is the test for chlorine?
Bleaches damp litmus paper and turns it white
34
What is the test for Oxygen?
Causes a glowing spill to relight
35
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Makes limewater solution turn cloudy
36
What is the test for hydrogen?
A lit spill makes a squeaky pop
37
What is the test for water?
White anhydrous copper sulfate turns blue
38
What metals are pure and why?
Gold and Silver are pure because they are both unreactive
39
How do you extract metals from their ores (rocks) using carbon?
Heating both elements in the compounds with carbon
40
What colour flame does lithium have?
Red
41
What colour flame does sodium have?
yellow
42
What colour flame does potassium have?
Lilac
43
What colour flame does calcium have?
Red/orange
44
What colour flame does copper have?
Blue/green
45
What precipitate does copper (II) form when sodium hydroxide is added?
Copper (II) hydroxide
46
What precipitate does Iron (II) form when sodium hydroxide is added?
Iron (II) hydroxide
47
What precipitate does Iron (III) form when sodium hydroxide is added?
Iron (III) hydroxide
48
What precipitate does NH4+ (ammonium) form when sodium hydroxide is added?
No precipitate is formed
49
What colour precipitate does copper (II) make when sodium hydroxide is added?
Blue
50
What colour precipitate does Iron (II) make when sodium hydroxide is added?
Green
51
What colour precipitate does Iron (III) make when sodium hydroxide is added?
Orange/brown
52
What happens when carbonates react with dilute acid?
They form carbon dioxide
53
What do sulfate ions form when mixed with barium solution in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid?
A white precipitate called barium sulfate
54
What is a radox?
A chemical reaction that takes place between an oxidising substance and a reducing substance
55
How is rust formed on iron?
The iron reacts with water and oxygen to form hydrated iron(III) oxide
56
How is rust prevented?
Apply oil coatings to stop moisture accessing the metal or paint it

GCSE Chemistry (7 decks)

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