Atomic Structure, States Of Matter, Separation Flashcards
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What is the charge of a neutron?
0
What is the mass of a proton?
1
What is the mass of a electron?
1/2000
What is the mass of a neutron?
1
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element which have a different number of neutrons
What is the electronic structure?
The position of an element in the periodic table e.g. atoms of elements in group 2 have 2 electrons in their outer shell
Are noble gasses reactive or unreactive and why?
They are unreactive as they have a full outer shell of electrons
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What factors affect diffusion?
Temperature, state of matter and size of particles
What is an element?
One type of atom either on its own or bonded to the same type of atom
What is a compound?
A substance made of 2 or more different types of atom, bonded together
What is a molecule and what can they be made of?
A substance made up of 2 or more atoms, covalently bonded together, can be made of elements or compounds
How does simple distillation work?
Use simple crystallisation to separate the components of a solution, water evaporates from heat, condenses in condenser to gain pure water, leaves a salt
How does fractional distillation work?
Boil a mixture of elements and as their boiling points will differ they will evaporate and then condense in the condenser at different times, therefore separating them
What is a mixture?
various substances that are mixed together and no chemical reaction occurs, made from compounds or elements and can be in any proportion
What are the uses of filtration?
Oil filter, taps, coffee machine, cooking
How does filtration work?
Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid, the water (filtrate) particles fit through the paper, insoluble particles are too big - left with a residue
When is chromatography used?
When you want to separate a mixture of 2 or more substances that are soluble
How does chromatography work?
As some substances are more soluble than others, the more soluble substances travel faster up the paper and if its insoluble it wont travel
What is a retention factor?
Ratio of distance a substance moved (always less than 1) to distance moved by solvent up chromatography paper
How is the retention factor found and then calculated?
Found by measuring from base line (where solvent reached)
Distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent
