Innate Immunity II

Question 1

what occurs in the body if the chemical and physical barriers are successful in repelling a pathogen ?

Answer 1

pathogen encounter may not even be perceived by host

Question 2

what occurs when pathogen expands at greater rate than immediate defenses can eliminate?

Answer 2

soluble chemicals and cellular receptors develop and inflammation operates to allow entry of innate cells from the blood and temp rises

Question 3

what is PAMP?

Answer 3

pathogen associated molecular pattern, a conserved structure of a pathogen that is bound by an innate receptor

Question 4

which cells have innate receptors?

Answer 4

1. cellular barrier cells like epithelial cells, keratinocytes, or endothelial cells
2. immune cells like macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes

Question 5

how do innate receptors trigger phagocytosis?

Answer 5

without signaling, except for signaling through toll-like receptors (TLR)

Question 6

what are innate receptors known as?

Answer 6

pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

Question 7

which is the only innate receptor/PRR that causes signaling to occur?

Answer 7

TLR (toll like receptors)

Question 8

describe receptor mediated phagocytosis

Answer 8

1. innate receptors bind microorganisms
2. microorganisms are internalized by receptor mediated endocytosis
3. endosome fuses with lysosome to form endolysosome where microorganisms are degraded

Question 9

describe TLR

Answer 9

they are PRR with: extracellular domain for PAMP engagement that has leucine rich repeat region (LRR) AND cytoplasmic signaling domain Toll Interleukin 1 receptor TIR

Question 10

what is the extracellular domain for TLR

Answer 10

leucine rich repeat region (LRR)

Question 11

what is the cytoplasmic domain for TLR

Answer 11

toll interleukin 1 receptor (TIR)

Question 12

what important TLR are located on the plasma membrane of innate cells?

Answer 12

1. TLR4

2. TLR5

Question 13

what important TLR are located in endosomes inside the cell?

Answer 13

1. TLR3
2. TLR7
3. TLR9

Question 14

which is TLR4 homodimer ‘s ligand?

Answer 14

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 15

what microorganisms does TLR4 reconize?

Answer 15

gram negative bacteria

Question 16

what cells express TLR4?

Answer 16

1. macrophages
2. dendritic cells
3. mast cells
4. eosinophils

Question 17

where is TLR4 located?

Answer 17

plasma membrane

Question 18

what is TLR7’s ligand?

Answer 18

single stranded viral RNAs

Question 19

what microorganism does TLR7 recognize?

Answer 19

RNA viruses

Question 20

what cells express TLR7?

Answer 20

1. plasmacytoid dendritic cells
2. NK cells
3. eosinophils
4. B cells

Question 21

where is TLR7 located?

Answer 21

endosomes

Question 22

what is TLR9’s ligand?

Answer 22

unmethylated CpG-rich DNA

Question 23

what microorganism does TLR9 recognize?

Answer 23

1. bacteria

2. DNA viruses

Question 24

what cells express TLR9

Answer 24

1. plasmacytoid dendritic cells
2. B cells
3. eosinophils
4. basophils

Question 25

where is TLR9 located?

Answer 25

endosome

Question 26

what is TLR3's ligand?

Answer 26

double stranded viral RNA

Question 27

what microorganisms TLR3 recognize?

Answer 27

RNA viruses

Question 28

what cells express TLR3?

Answer 28

NK cells

Question 29

where are TLR3 located?

Answer 29

endosomes

Question 30

what chromosome is TLR4?

Answer 30

9

Question 31

what chromosome is TLR7?

Answer 31

X

Question 32

what chromosome is TLR9?

Answer 32

3

Question 33

what chromosome is TLR3?

Answer 33

4