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Infection > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological Barriers

A

Diarrhoea
Vomiting - hepatitis, meningitis
Coughing - pneumonia
Sneezing - sinusitis

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2
Q

Chemical Barriers

A

Low pH - vagina, stomach, skin

Antimicrobial molecules - IgA, lysozyme, mucus, beta-defensins, gastric acid + pepsin

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3
Q

Biological Barriers

A

Normal flora - strategic locations, absent in internal organs and tissues

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4
Q

High risk patients for infection

A

Asplenic (and hyposplenic) patients
Patients with damaged or prosthetic valves
Patients with previous infective endocarditis

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5
Q

Function of basophils

A

Early actors of inflammation (vasomodulation)

Important in allergic responses

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6
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

Defence against multicellular parasites (worms)

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7
Q

Function of natural killer cells

A

Kills all abnormal host cells

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8
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Present microbial antigens to T cells

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9
Q

Pathogen recognition

A

Microbial structures - Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Phagocytes - Pathogen recognition receptors (PRR)

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10
Q

Opsonins

A

Proteins that bind to microbial surface and enhance attachment of phagocytes and clearance of microbes

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11
Q

Examples of opsonins

A

Complement proteins, antibodies, acute phase proteins

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12
Q

Phagocyte oxygen dependent pathway

A

Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroxyl radical, Nitric oxide, Singlet oxygen, Hypohalite

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13
Q

Activating Pathways: alternative pathway

A

Initiated by cell surface microbial constituents

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14
Q

Activating pathways: MBL pathway

A

Initiated when MBL binds to mannose containing residues of proteins found on many microbes

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15
Q

C3a and C5a

A

Recruitment of phagocytes

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16
Q

C3b - C4b

A

Opsonisation of pathogens

C3b - C4b are opsonins

17
Q

C5 - C9

A

Killing of pathogens membrane

Attack complex

18
Q

TNF, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6

A

Released by activated macrophages.

Liver (opsonins) - CRP, MBL

Bone marrow - Neutrophil mobilisation

Inflammatory actions - Vasodilation, vascular permeability, adhesion molecules

Hypothalamus - Increased body temperature

Infection (8 decks)

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