Acute Sepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Purpuric rash

A

Non-blanching

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2
Q

Sepsis definition

A

Life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection

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3
Q

Septic shock definition

A

Persisting hypotension requiring treatment to maintain blood pressure despite fluid resuscitation

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4
Q

Bacteraemia

A

Presence of bacteria in the blood

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5
Q

EWS

A

Early warning score, basic observation, 3 or more should be considered as septic

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6
Q

Complete sepsis six bundle

A
Oxygen
Blood cultures
IV antibiotics
Fluid challenge
Lactate
Measure urine output
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7
Q

Urgent investigations

A
Full blood count, Urea and Electrolytes
EDTA bottle for PCR
Blood sugar
Liver Function Tests
C-Reactive protein (CRP)
Coagulation (clotting) studies
Blood gases 
Other microbiology samples (CSF, urine, etc)
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8
Q

Endotoxin

A

Triggers inflammation

Lipopolysaccharide

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9
Q

Pilus

A

Enhances attachment

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10
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Promotes adherence

Prevents phagocytosis

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11
Q

Sepsis and coagulation

A

Cytokines initiate production thrombin
Cytokines inhibit fibrinolysis
Coagulation cascade leads to microvascular thrombosis and hence
Organ ischaemia
Microvascular injury is the major cause of shock and multiorgan failure

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12
Q

Antibiotic choice for meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone

Penetrates into the CSF

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13
Q

Life threatening complications of meningitis

A
Irreversible hypotension
Respiratory failure
Acute kidney injury (renal failure)
Raised intracranial pressure
Ischaemic necrosis of digits/hands/feet
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14
Q

Neisseria meningitidis: gram pos or neg, serogroups

A

Gram negative
Serogroups A, B, C, W135
Based on polysaccharide capsular antigen

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