Innate Immunity

Question 1

3 sorts of things innate response recognizes

Answer 1

1. PAMPs
2. DAMPs
3. Absence of certain self-marker molecules

Question 2

Defensins and cathelicidins role in the innate immune system

Answer 2

Through antimicrobial, chemotactic, and regulatory activities. Help protect from bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi

Question 3

Cathelicidins

Answer 3

Alpha-helical peptides (CATionic HELical bactieriCIDal proteINS

Question 4

Defensins

Answer 4

Beta- helical peptides

Question 5

Congenital neutropenia

Answer 5

Lack of GM-CSF, frequent bacterial infections

Question 6

Chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 6

Can’t produce hypochlorus acid or hydrogen peroxide. Inability to kill phagocytosed bacteria.

Question 7

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

Answer 7

Lack of integrin subunit (common beta chain)

Inability to recruit innate immune cells at the site of inflammation. Increased susceptibility to infections

Question 8

Complement defects

Answer 8

Increased risk of bacterial infections. Reduced ability to remove immunocomplexes

Question 9

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Answer 9

Defect in LYST gene, lysosomal trafficking gene that affects lysosomes and melanosomes. Increased risk of bacterial infections

Question 10

Professional antigen presenting cells (APCs)

Answer 10

Macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells

Question 11

Opsonization

Answer 11

Making bacteria more vulnerable to destruction by helping phagocytose and take up antigens

Question 12

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 12

Make the link between the innate and adaptive immune system. Enhance innate system. Needed for T cell activation. Take up and process antigens to be recognized by T cells

Question 13

Types of cytokines

Answer 13

Chemokines
Interferons (IFN)
Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNF)
Transforming Growth Factors (TGF)
Interleukins (IL)
Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs0

Question 14

Chemokines

Answer 14

Direct traffic of immune system cells. Family of cytokines. About 50 different types with 20 different receptors

Question 15

Interferons

Answer 15

Important in limiting spread of viral infections. Induce state of antiviral resistance in uninfected cells. Produced early in infection. Type 1 and type 2

Question 16

Type 1 interferons

Answer 16

Produced by cells that are infected by a virus (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta)

Question 17

Type 2 interferons

Answer 17

Released by activated Th1 cells (IFN-gamma)

Question 18

Interleukins

Answer 18

Produced mainly by T cells. Many cause other cells to divide and differentiate

Question 19

Colony stimulating factos

Answer 19

Involved in directing division and differentiation of bone marow stem cells and precursors of blood lymphocytes. Help control # of leukocytes each cell typre releases from marrow

Question 20

Transforming growth factors

Answer 20

Important in controlling cell division and tissue repair

Question 21

Tumor necrosis factors

Answer 21

Important in mediating inflammation and cytotoxic reactions.

Question 22

Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder

Answer 22

No lymphoid precursor cells. Combined B and T cell deficiencies.