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IHO 1 > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Hemopoietic tissue function

A

Formation of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

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2
Q

Types of hemopoietic tissues

A

Myeloid tissue (bone marrow) and lymphatic tissue

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3
Q

Myeloid tissue function and location

A
  1. Produces most blood cell types

2. Found in medullary cavity of bones

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4
Q

Thrombocytopoiesis

A

Formation of platelets

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5
Q

Lymphatic tissue function and location

A

Consists of thymus, spleen, non-encapsulated lymph nodules. Responsible for immune defenses of the body

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6
Q

Hematopoietic tissue derivation from?

A

Mesenchyme (except thymus..from endoderm)

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7
Q

First site of hemopoiesis

A

Yolk sac (2nd-3rd week of embryonic life)

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8
Q

2 cell types formed in the yolk sac

A

Endothelial cells and undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells

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9
Q

Colony forming unit seeds what?

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

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10
Q

Hemaopoiesis in the liver

A

Begins in 6th wk of fetal life and lasts until middle of fetal life. Erythropoiesis dominates.

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11
Q

RBC nucleation

A

Still nucleated by 7 weeks, but non-nucleated by 11 weeks

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12
Q

Hemapoiesis in spleen

A

Begins in 3rd month of fetal life

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13
Q

Erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis in spleen

A

Greatest at 3rd-5th mths and lasts until 7th and 8th months of fetal life

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14
Q

How long does lymphopoiesis last in the spleen?

A

Throughout life

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15
Q

Hemopoiesis in bone

A

Begins in 5th month of fetal life

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16
Q

Thymus and lymphopoiesis

A

Only lymphopoiesis in the thymus. Begins in the 5th month of fetal life

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17
Q

Extramedullary myelopoiesis

A

Hematopoietic tissue develops where it shoudn’t and produces the kinds of cells produced in the bone marrow

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18
Q

Yellow marrow location

A

Much of diaphysis of long bones

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19
Q

Yellow marrow makeup

A

Primarily of fat cells w/blood vessels coursing though

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20
Q

Red marrow locations

A

skull diploe, ribs, sternum, vertebrae bodies, cancellous bone, long and short bones of body, illiac crest

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21
Q

Red marrow function

A

Site of hemopoiesis

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22
Q

By what age is almst all marrow of the limbs yellow?

A

18

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23
Q

Components of myeloid tissue

A

Stroma, sinusoids, developing blood cells

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24
Q

Stroma

A

Connective tissue network that supports the blood forming cells

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25
Q

Sinusoids

A

Wide, thin-walled vessels that allow newly formed blood cells to access the blood stream

26
Q

Cells in the stroma

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, fat-storing cells, osteogenic cells

27
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagenous fibers and reticular fibers (type III collagen) found in medullary cavity.

28
Q

Macrophage function

A

Engulf and destroy imperfect RBCs, pieces from developing RBCs and platelets. Phagocytose particulate matter in sinusids by extending processes between endothelial cells of sinusoids

29
Q

Fat-storing cells

A

Mainly in yellow marrow, but also in red marrow

30
Q

Osteogenic cells

A
  1. Potential to differntiate into osteoblast.

2. Can cause bone marrow precursor cells to locate in medullary cavity of bones

31
Q

Endothelial cells

A

Form sinusoid lining

32
Q

Collagenous fibers in the stroma

A
  1. Support larger vessels in medullary cavity

2. Reinforce tissue as a whole

33
Q

Reticular fibers in the stroma

A

Support blood forming cells

34
Q

How do RBC and WBCs enter sinusoids

A

Through diapedesis, passing through sinusoidal wall using intercellular gaps or endothelial cell pores

35
Q

Erythropoietin location, formation, and function

A
  1. Produced in kidney and other site
  2. Formulation stimulated by hypoxia
  3. Increases # of erythroblasts by stimulating the stem cells to multiply and differentiate
36
Q

Erythropoiesis general features

A
  1. Cytoplasm: basophilic to eosinophilic and progressively decreases in size. Nucleus:large to small to absent, light staining to dark staining, chromatin: fine pattern to clumped pattern
37
Q

Approx. how much time to produce mature erythrocyte from a basophilic erythroblasts

A

Approximately 1 wk

38
Q

Proerythroblast (blast cell)

A
  • Nucleus: round, one or more nucleoi
  • Cytoplasm: basophilic (due to ribosomes and polyribosomes)
  • Mitotic cell
39
Q

Basophilic erythroblast

A
  • Nucleus: round, chromatin condensed, checkerboard pattern
  • Cytoplasms: basophilic (more than blast cell), ribosomes (for more cell subtance synthesis) and polyribosomes (for Hb synthesis)
  • Mitotic cell
40
Q

Polychromatophilic erythroblast

A
  • Nucleus: round and smaller, more clumped, no nucleolo
  • Cytoplasm: blue to pink (decreased ribosomes, increased hemoglobin)
  • Mitotic cell
41
Q

Orthrochromatophilic erythroblast

A

-Nucleus: pyknotic (heterochromatic)
-Karyorrhexis occurs (extrusion of the nucleus occurs)
-Cytoplasm: Eosinophilic (because of Hb)
Not mitotic

42
Q

Reticulocyte or orthochromatophilic erythroblast

A

-Identified with cresyl violet (see RNA reticular pattern)

43
Q

Granulopoiesis general features

A
  • Cytoplasm: from basophilic to lack of basophilic staining, granules increase in #
  • Nucleus: goes from round to polymorphonuclear, nucleoli present in immature cells, then gradually disappear
44
Q

Development time for granulocytes

A

About 14 days

45
Q

Amount of time granulocytes circulate in blood

A

About 6-10 hours

46
Q

Myeloblast

A
  • Nucleus: round or oval, chromatin finely granular, 1+ nucleoli
  • Cytoplasm: basophilic due to ribosomes and polyribosomes, no granules present.
  • Mitotic cell
  • 0.3-5% marrow cells
47
Q

Promyelocyte

A

-Nucleus: round, chromatin slightly coarser, nucleoli present
-Cytoplasm–granules present (azurophilic appear first)
-Mitotic cell
4% of marrow cells

48
Q

Myelocyte

A
  • Nucleus: round, chromatin more clumped, nucleoli absent
  • Cytoplasm: granules present (specific increasing in # while azuropilic decreasing in #)
  • Mitotic cell
  • 12% of marrow cells
49
Q

Metamyelocyte

A

-Nucleus: not round, chromatin condensing
-Cytoplasm: granules present
Not a mitotic cell
22% of marrow cells

50
Q

Band

A
  • Nucleus: not round (horseshoe shaped), chromatin condensed
  • Cytoplasm: granules present
  • Not a mitotic cell
51
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

B-lymphocytes develop in bone marrow. T-lymphocytes in the thymus. B and T lymphocytes populate other lymphatic organs.

52
Q

B lymphocyte development

A

CFU-L–> Lymphoblast–> prolymphocyte–> B-lymphocytes

53
Q

What makes up 10-20% of marrow cells?

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes, reticular cells, plasma cells, and megakaryocytes

54
Q

Monopoiesis in bone marrow

A

CFU-M–> Monoblast–> promonocyte–> monocyte

55
Q

What are monocytes precursors to?

A

Macrophages

56
Q

How much of the marrow cells do monocytes make up?

A

1-2%

57
Q

Thrombocytopoiesis involves what cell?

A

Giant nucleated cell (megakaryocyte)

58
Q

Steps to get a megakaryocyte

A

CFU-Meg–> megakaryoblast–> promegakaryocyte–> megakaryocyte

59
Q

Megakaryocyte endomitoses process

A
  • Does this without cytokinesis or karyokinesis

- Results in polyploid cell with 16-64nDNA and multi-lobed nucleus

60
Q

How are platelets formed?

A

Compartmentalization of cell
1. Membrane subdivides cytoplasm
2. Compartments separate and form platelets
Thrombopoietin stimulates platelet formation

61
Q

Platelet life-span

A

About 10 days

IHO 1 (4 decks)

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