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IHO 1 > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Hemopoietic tissue function

A

Formation of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

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2
Q

Types of hemopoietic tissues

A

Myeloid tissue (bone marrow) and lymphatic tissue

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3
Q

Myeloid tissue function and location

A
  1. Produces most blood cell types

2. Found in medullary cavity of bones

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4
Q

Thrombocytopoiesis

A

Formation of platelets

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5
Q

Lymphatic tissue function and location

A

Consists of thymus, spleen, non-encapsulated lymph nodules. Responsible for immune defenses of the body

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6
Q

Hematopoietic tissue derivation from?

A

Mesenchyme (except thymus..from endoderm)

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7
Q

First site of hemopoiesis

A

Yolk sac (2nd-3rd week of embryonic life)

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8
Q

2 cell types formed in the yolk sac

A

Endothelial cells and undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells

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9
Q

Colony forming unit seeds what?

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

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10
Q

Hemaopoiesis in the liver

A

Begins in 6th wk of fetal life and lasts until middle of fetal life. Erythropoiesis dominates.

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11
Q

RBC nucleation

A

Still nucleated by 7 weeks, but non-nucleated by 11 weeks

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12
Q

Hemapoiesis in spleen

A

Begins in 3rd month of fetal life

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13
Q

Erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis in spleen

A

Greatest at 3rd-5th mths and lasts until 7th and 8th months of fetal life

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14
Q

How long does lymphopoiesis last in the spleen?

A

Throughout life

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15
Q

Hemopoiesis in bone

A

Begins in 5th month of fetal life

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16
Q

Thymus and lymphopoiesis

A

Only lymphopoiesis in the thymus. Begins in the 5th month of fetal life

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17
Q

Extramedullary myelopoiesis

A

Hematopoietic tissue develops where it shoudn’t and produces the kinds of cells produced in the bone marrow

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18
Q

Yellow marrow location

A

Much of diaphysis of long bones

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19
Q

Yellow marrow makeup

A

Primarily of fat cells w/blood vessels coursing though

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20
Q

Red marrow locations

A

skull diploe, ribs, sternum, vertebrae bodies, cancellous bone, long and short bones of body, illiac crest

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21
Q

Red marrow function

A

Site of hemopoiesis

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22
Q

By what age is almst all marrow of the limbs yellow?

A

18

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23
Q

Components of myeloid tissue

A

Stroma, sinusoids, developing blood cells

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24
Q

Stroma

A

Connective tissue network that supports the blood forming cells

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25
Sinusoids
Wide, thin-walled vessels that allow newly formed blood cells to access the blood stream
26
Cells in the stroma
Fibroblasts, macrophages, fat-storing cells, osteogenic cells
27
Fibroblasts
Produce collagenous fibers and reticular fibers (type III collagen) found in medullary cavity.
28
Macrophage function
Engulf and destroy imperfect RBCs, pieces from developing RBCs and platelets. Phagocytose particulate matter in sinusids by extending processes between endothelial cells of sinusoids
29
Fat-storing cells
Mainly in yellow marrow, but also in red marrow
30
Osteogenic cells
1. Potential to differntiate into osteoblast. | 2. Can cause bone marrow precursor cells to locate in medullary cavity of bones
31
Endothelial cells
Form sinusoid lining
32
Collagenous fibers in the stroma
1. Support larger vessels in medullary cavity | 2. Reinforce tissue as a whole
33
Reticular fibers in the stroma
Support blood forming cells
34
How do RBC and WBCs enter sinusoids
Through diapedesis, passing through sinusoidal wall using intercellular gaps or endothelial cell pores
35
Erythropoietin location, formation, and function
1. Produced in kidney and other site 2. Formulation stimulated by hypoxia 3. Increases # of erythroblasts by stimulating the stem cells to multiply and differentiate
36
Erythropoiesis general features
1. Cytoplasm: basophilic to eosinophilic and progressively decreases in size. Nucleus:large to small to absent, light staining to dark staining, chromatin: fine pattern to clumped pattern
37
Approx. how much time to produce mature erythrocyte from a basophilic erythroblasts
Approximately 1 wk
38
Proerythroblast (blast cell)
- Nucleus: round, one or more nucleoi - Cytoplasm: basophilic (due to ribosomes and polyribosomes) - Mitotic cell
39
Basophilic erythroblast
- Nucleus: round, chromatin condensed, checkerboard pattern - Cytoplasms: basophilic (more than blast cell), ribosomes (for more cell subtance synthesis) and polyribosomes (for Hb synthesis) - Mitotic cell
40
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
- Nucleus: round and smaller, more clumped, no nucleolo - Cytoplasm: blue to pink (decreased ribosomes, increased hemoglobin) - Mitotic cell
41
Orthrochromatophilic erythroblast
-Nucleus: pyknotic (heterochromatic) -Karyorrhexis occurs (extrusion of the nucleus occurs) -Cytoplasm: Eosinophilic (because of Hb) Not mitotic
42
Reticulocyte or orthochromatophilic erythroblast
-Identified with cresyl violet (see RNA reticular pattern)
43
Granulopoiesis general features
- Cytoplasm: from basophilic to lack of basophilic staining, granules increase in # - Nucleus: goes from round to polymorphonuclear, nucleoli present in immature cells, then gradually disappear
44
Development time for granulocytes
About 14 days
45
Amount of time granulocytes circulate in blood
About 6-10 hours
46
Myeloblast
- Nucleus: round or oval, chromatin finely granular, 1+ nucleoli - Cytoplasm: basophilic due to ribosomes and polyribosomes, no granules present. - Mitotic cell - 0.3-5% marrow cells
47
Promyelocyte
-Nucleus: round, chromatin slightly coarser, nucleoli present -Cytoplasm--granules present (azurophilic appear first) -Mitotic cell 4% of marrow cells
48
Myelocyte
- Nucleus: round, chromatin more clumped, nucleoli absent - Cytoplasm: granules present (specific increasing in # while azuropilic decreasing in #) - Mitotic cell - 12% of marrow cells
49
Metamyelocyte
-Nucleus: not round, chromatin condensing -Cytoplasm: granules present Not a mitotic cell 22% of marrow cells
50
Band
- Nucleus: not round (horseshoe shaped), chromatin condensed - Cytoplasm: granules present - Not a mitotic cell
51
Lymphopoiesis
B-lymphocytes develop in bone marrow. T-lymphocytes in the thymus. B and T lymphocytes populate other lymphatic organs.
52
B lymphocyte development
CFU-L--> Lymphoblast--> prolymphocyte--> B-lymphocytes
53
What makes up 10-20% of marrow cells?
Lymphocytes, monocytes, reticular cells, plasma cells, and megakaryocytes
54
Monopoiesis in bone marrow
CFU-M--> Monoblast--> promonocyte--> monocyte
55
What are monocytes precursors to?
Macrophages
56
How much of the marrow cells do monocytes make up?
1-2%
57
Thrombocytopoiesis involves what cell?
Giant nucleated cell (megakaryocyte)
58
Steps to get a megakaryocyte
CFU-Meg--> megakaryoblast--> promegakaryocyte--> megakaryocyte
59
Megakaryocyte endomitoses process
- Does this without cytokinesis or karyokinesis | - Results in polyploid cell with 16-64nDNA and multi-lobed nucleus
60
How are platelets formed?
Compartmentalization of cell 1. Membrane subdivides cytoplasm 2. Compartments separate and form platelets Thrombopoietin stimulates platelet formation
61
Platelet life-span
About 10 days

IHO 1 (4 decks)

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