Innate immunity Flashcards
type of immunity present before any exposure to pathogens
innate immunity
immunity that develops only in vertebrates, following exposure to pathogens
adaptive or acquired immunity
3 forms of innate immunity present in invertebrates
- exoskeleton (only in some invertebrates
- lysozymes
- hemocytes
enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls
lysozymes
phagocytic cells in invertebrate immunity
hemocytes
5 types of barrier defenses in vertebrates
- skin and mucus
- saliva and tears
- cilia
- gastric juice
- symbiotic bacteria
three types of internal defenses of vertebrate innate immune system
- white blood cells
- proteins
- inflammatory response
another name for ALL white blood cells
leukocytes
four types of phagocytic leukocytes involved in the vertebrate innate immune resonse
- neutrophils
- macrophages
- eosinophils
- dendritic cells
most common type of phagocytic white blood cell in vertebrates
neutrophil
powerful phagocytic white blood cells that can leave the circulatory system and enter body tissues or the lymphatic system
macrophages
phagocytic white blood cells that discharge destructive enzymes on multicellular invaders
eosinophils
phagocytic leukocytes located near body surfaces that stimulate the development of acquired immunity against the invaders they encounter
dendritic cells
body system consisting of vessels and nodes; function is to filter the interstitial fluid and trap pathogens
lymphatic system
the set of cell surface molecules that allow leukocytes to identify invading cells or damaged self cells
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
cytotoxic cells that attack body cells missing their MHC
natural killer (NK) cells
protein released by NK cells that creates pores in a target cell’s membrane
perforin
enzymes released by NK cells that break down proteins in the target cell
proteases
“warning” proteins released by cells that have been infected by viruses to trigger neighboring cells to defend themselves
interferons
proteins that attract phagocytes to foreign cells and promote lysis of invading cells
complement system
steps the body takes in response to infection, often resulting in pain, heat, redness, swelling
inflammatory response
cells that release histamine during the inflammatory response
mast cells
chemical that promotes changes in blood vessels during the inflammatory response
histamine
a fluid rich in white blood cells, dead microbes and cell debris that accumulates at the site of inflammation
pus
chemicals released by macrophages during the inflammatory response that raise the body’s thermoregulatory set point in the hypothalamus
pyrogens
a life-threatening condition caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response
septic shock