Cell Organelles

Question 1

Cytosol

Answer 1

Plants, Animals, or Both: Both

Function: main component of the cytoplasm, a water based solution where organelles are suspended contents of cell together

Quick Facts:

• the cytosol oftem comprises more than 50% of a cell’s volume
• site of protein synthesis
• home of centrosomes and centrioles

Question 2

Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

Plant, Animals, or Both: Both

Location: a thin outer layer for animal cells and an inner layer right inside the cell wall of plant cells

Function: boundary that protects and supports the cell and allows movement of materials in and out of the cell

Quick Facts:

• made of phosopholipid bilayer ( which include phospholids: a phosphate head and lipids tails)
• the phosphate head is polar and hydrophllic, while the phosphate tails are nonpolar and hydrophobic
• since the interior of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic only very small neutral molecules such as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Plants, Animals or Both: Both

Location: tiny, round structures found on the endoplasmic reticulum and throughout the cytoplasm of a cells

Function: makes proteins

Quick Facts:

• created in nucleus
• consists of RNA molecules and proteins
• specifically, ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins

Question 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

Plant, Animals, or Both: Both

Location: distributed throughout the cytoplasm of a cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER):

Function: responsible for the synthesis and processig of proteins that are either secreted from the cell or the stuck in the plasma/cell membrane

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER):

Function: responsible of lipids (fatty acids) and steriods

Quick Facts:

• insulin is an example of a secreted protein from the rough ER
• the lipids made in the smooth ER are combined with phosphosphorus to create phospholipids.
• the steriods made in the smooth ER, especially cholesterol, main components the the plasma membrane that provide rigidity and structure in the membrnae to keep its general shape.

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

Plants, Animals, or Both:

Location: round structure located in the cytoplasm

Function: digestion and recycling, phagocytosis: the ingestion of bacteria

Quick Facts:

• small spheres of phospholipds made by the Golgi bodies
• aka clean up crew- sweeps up dead cell parts and waste material

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Plants, Animals or Both: Both & all eukaryotic cells

Location: located in the center of the cell

Function: store and protect cell’s genetic material (DNA), assemble ribosome subunits

Quick Facts

• aka the control center of the cell
• contains a nucleolus that holds nucleic acids and proteins
• there are nuclear pores through which the nucleus communicates with the rest of the cell
• chromosomes exist in the nucleus and are organized structres of DNA

Question 8

Cytoplasm (including cytoskeleton)

Answer 8

Plants, Animals or Both: Both & All eukaryotic cells

Function: a gel-like substance in which all organelles are suspended

cytoskeleton: a protein framework that determines the underlying structure of the cytoplasm

Quick Facts:

• “cyto” means inside the cell

Question 9

Golgi Bodies

Answer 9

Plants, Animals or Both: Both & in most eukaryotic cells

Location: located in the cytoplasm near the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus

Function: protein processing- marks protein for secretion in the RER and packages lipids and steriods made in the SER

Quick Facts:

• The golgi bodies are membrane disks called cisternae
• cisternae often buds off and form lysosomes

Question 10

Vesicles

Answer 10

Plants, Animals or Both: Both & most eukaryotic cells

Location: suspended in the cytoplasm near the Golgi complex

Function: responsible for transporting proteins, lipids, and steriodsl

Quick Facts:

• small spheres of phospholipids made by the Golgi bodies

Question 11

Centrioles

Answer 11

Plants, Animals or Both: All animals

Location: a small, barrel-shaped tube composed of protein located in the cytoplasm

Function: cell division, cell reproduction, cell growth;

Quick Facts:

• cells with damaging centrioles cannot form functional flagella or cilia, which could lead to death of an organism.

Question 12

Cell Wall

Answer 12

Plants, Animals or Both: Plants

Location: just outside the plasma membrane

Function: to pride structure and protection to the cells

Quick Facts:

• the cell wall help resist turgor pressure
• plant cell walls have small openings called plasmodesmata which allows cells to communicate with other cells
• plant cell walls are made of cellulose
• fungal cell walls are made of chitin

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Plant, Animal or Both: Plant

Location: in the cytoplasm of plant cell

Function: responsible for converting the energy from the sun into chemical energy, usually in the form of glucose; process of photosynthesis

Quick Facts:

• chloroplasts was once a free living bacteria
• many plant and algae cells contain small, green organelles

Question 14

Flagella & CIlia

Answer 14

Flagella:

• longer than cilia
• primarily responsible for cell movement

Cilia:

• acts more like short hair
• cilia moves back and forth across the outside of the cell ( also responsible for cell movement)