innate and adaptive immunity

Question 1

what is innate immunity?

Answer 1

non specific front line defence against pathogens

Question 2

what is an important component of innate immunity?

Answer 2

Natural Killer Cells helped by MCH1 complex

Question 3

list the phagocytic cells

Answer 3

neutrophils

eosinophils

basophils

mast cells

monocytes

macrophage

natural killer T cells

dendritic

Question 4

What are pathogen associated molecule pathogens PAMPs?

Answer 4

antigenic marker that sits on the surface of the pathogen

Question 5

What are pathogen recognition receptors PRR?

Answer 5

phagocytes contain them on their surface and bind to PAMPs to recognise and destroy

Question 6

opsonisation?

Answer 6

process where opsonins attach to pathogens to help attachment of microbes to phagocytes

also cause clumping of pathogens for easier removal

Question 7

What are examples of opsonins?

Answer 7

C3 form complement pathway

IGg - antigen

C reactive protein - CRP

mannos binding lectin - MBL

Question 8

what is the complement pathway?

Answer 8

works along innate immunity to help enhance

Question 9

what are the most important serum proteins in the complement pathway?

Answer 9

C3a and C5a - recruit phagocytes

C3b and C4b - opsonins

C5-9 - help kill pathogens, form holes that cause them to swell and burst

Question 10

3 pathways of complement pathway

Answer 10

classical - antigen/antibody complex

alternative - activating surfaces

MBL - bind to mannose on surfaces

Question 11

function of cytokines?

Answer 11

regulate innate response

link b/w innate and adaptive immunity

Question 12

what are dendritic cells?

Answer 12

like langerhans of the skin

phagocytose invading pathogens leads to activation and migration to lymph nodes

MHCII

Question 13

what is adaptive immunity?

Answer 13

immunity that adapt to infection.

slow to act

memory

Question 14

what are two stages of adaptive immunity?

Answer 14

humoral and cell mediated

Question 15

function of MHCI

Answer 15

molecules are expressed on all cells not just APC’s

bind to T lymphocytes via CD8+ cells

T-killer cell, cause cell to apoptos

only intracellular microbes used

Question 16

function of MHCII

Answer 16

only found on antigen presenting cells APCs

extracellular microbes

antigens bind to CD4+ on naive T cells which differentiate to T helper cells

Question 17

what are the different types of lymphocytes?

Answer 17

B cells

T cells

Question 18

What is meant by cell mediated activation?

Answer 18

immune response that does not involve antibodies, involves the activation of phagocytes

Question 19

What is meant by humoral activation?

Answer 19

immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies

Question 20

role of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 20

punch holes in membrane via perforin

inject granzymes that cause apoptotic pathway

Question 21

function of B lymphocytes?

Answer 21

produce antibodies for humoral response by opsonisation

antibodies bind to PAMPs

complement system activated

Question 22

eosinophils function

Answer 22

allergic reaction

parasitic infections

degranulation

Question 23

basophil function

Answer 23

type 1 hypersensitivity - re exposure to allergen

contains histamine, heparin, pro inflammatory factors

Question 24

mast cells functions

Answer 24

innate system and inflammation for allergic response

granules contain histamine, heparin and cytokines