connective tissue and blood

Question 1

what are the components of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 1

collagen

elastin fibres

gel matrix - proteoglycans and gylcoaminoglycans (GAG) resemble toilet brush

Question 2

what is the ECM also known as?

Answer 2

ground substance

Question 3

what is loose connective tissue?

Answer 3

loosely arranged connective tissue, deep to skin

Question 4

name components of loose CT

Answer 4

fibroblasts

macrophages

immune cells - mast cells, plasma cells

Question 5

what is the function of RBCs?

Answer 5

carry O2 from lungs to tissues and to also return back to lungs.

Question 6

how is synthesis of RBC regulated?

Answer 6

feedback system increases erythropoietin from PERITUBULAR CELLS IN KIDNEY - response to hypoxia

erythropoietin increases rate of red cell production and release from bone marrow, increase O2 carrying capacity

Question 7

neutrophils

Answer 7

multi lobed nucleus usually 4
w/ small granules in cytoplasm

Question 8

eosinophil

Answer 8

double lobe nucleus

Question 9

basophil

Answer 9

large dark purple granules

Question 10

monocytes

Answer 10

large w/ kidney shaped nucleus

Question 11

lymphocytes

Answer 11

small spherical w/ round nucleus

Question 12

platelets

Answer 12

small round particles produced form megakaryocytes (bone marrow)

Question 13

name 4 types of collagen

Answer 13

type 1 - most abundant found in bone
type 2 - found in cartilage
type 3 - found in reticulin
type 4 - found at basement membrane

Question 14

disorders of collagen synthesis

Answer 14

Ehlers Danlos

scurvy

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 15

explain Ehlers danlos

Answer 15

failure in various stages of collagen synthesis

type 4 ED results from a failure of type 3 collagen leading to aortic rupture

Question 16

explain scurvy

Answer 16

lack of vitamin C
reduced prolly hydroxylase activity
gum ulcerations and haemorrhage

Question 17

explain osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 17

brittle bones
loss of function of collagen 1A gene

Question 18

disorders of elastic fibres

Answer 18

marfans syndrome

williams syndrome

Question 19

explain marfans syndrome

Answer 19

autosomal dominant

mutation in fibrillin 1

abnormally tall, joint dislocations, arachnodactyly,

Question 20

explain Williams syndrome

Answer 20

spontaneous deletion of region on chromosome 7

learning disabilities and cardiovascular problems

Question 21

what is the function of brown adipose tissues?

Answer 21

brown due to vascular supply and lots of mitochondria

non shivering thermogenesis

high respiratory capacity for forming heat due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation

Question 22

what is the function of B lymphocytes?

Answer 22

humoral immunity response secretion of immunoglobulins (antibodies),
shuffle DNA,
proliferate when exposed to antigen

Question 23

what is the function of T lymphocytes?

Answer 23

originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus (or spleen in adults) and undergo rearrangement of their T cell receptor genes

cell mediated killing of infected cells

Question 24

what’s granulocyte. production (WBCs) stimulated by?

Answer 24

G-CSF

Question 25

what is RBC platelets production stimulated by?

Answer 25

erythropoietin

Question 26

what is platelet production stimulated by?

Answer 26

thrombopoietin

Question 27

what is lymphocyte production stimulated by?

Answer 27

interleukin’s (IL)

TNF-α