connective tissue and blood Flashcards
what are the components of the extracellular matrix?
collagen
elastin fibres
gel matrix - proteoglycans and gylcoaminoglycans (GAG) resemble toilet brush
what is the ECM also known as?
ground substance
what is loose connective tissue?
loosely arranged connective tissue, deep to skin
name components of loose CT
fibroblasts
macrophages
immune cells - mast cells, plasma cells
what is the function of RBCs?
carry O2 from lungs to tissues and to also return back to lungs.
how is synthesis of RBC regulated?
feedback system increases erythropoietin from PERITUBULAR CELLS IN KIDNEY - response to hypoxia
erythropoietin increases rate of red cell production and release from bone marrow, increase O2 carrying capacity
neutrophils
multi lobed nucleus usually 4
w/ small granules in cytoplasm
eosinophil
double lobe nucleus
basophil
large dark purple granules
monocytes
large w/ kidney shaped nucleus
lymphocytes
small spherical w/ round nucleus
platelets
small round particles produced form megakaryocytes (bone marrow)
name 4 types of collagen
type 1 - most abundant found in bone
type 2 - found in cartilage
type 3 - found in reticulin
type 4 - found at basement membrane
disorders of collagen synthesis
Ehlers Danlos
scurvy
osteogenesis imperfecta
explain Ehlers danlos
failure in various stages of collagen synthesis
type 4 ED results from a failure of type 3 collagen leading to aortic rupture
explain scurvy
lack of vitamin C
reduced prolly hydroxylase activity
gum ulcerations and haemorrhage
explain osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bones
loss of function of collagen 1A gene
disorders of elastic fibres
marfans syndrome
williams syndrome
explain marfans syndrome
autosomal dominant
mutation in fibrillin 1
abnormally tall, joint dislocations, arachnodactyly,
explain Williams syndrome
spontaneous deletion of region on chromosome 7
learning disabilities and cardiovascular problems
what is the function of brown adipose tissues?
brown due to vascular supply and lots of mitochondria
non shivering thermogenesis
high respiratory capacity for forming heat due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
what is the function of B lymphocytes?
humoral immunity response secretion of immunoglobulins (antibodies),
shuffle DNA,
proliferate when exposed to antigen
what is the function of T lymphocytes?
originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus (or spleen in adults) and undergo rearrangement of their T cell receptor genes
cell mediated killing of infected cells
what’s granulocyte. production (WBCs) stimulated by?
G-CSF
what is RBC platelets production stimulated by?
erythropoietin
what is platelet production stimulated by?
thrombopoietin
what is lymphocyte production stimulated by?
interleukin’s (IL)
TNF-α
