cell structure/microscopy/epithelia

Question 1

3 main components of cytoskeleton?

Answer 1

microfilaments

microtubules

intermediate filaments

Question 2

features of microfilaments

Answer 2

2 strings of actin for helix

5nm diameter

associated w/ ARP

can assemble and dissociate

bear tension

Question 3

features on intermediate filament

Answer 3

cell specific

provide structure

common in epithelial cells

10nm diameter

Question 4

features of microtubules

Answer 4

alpha and beta tubulin subunits

form wall of hollow protofilament

prefers polymerisation from +end

found where structures in cells are moved - track for synaptic vesicles

Question 5

main examples of biopsy procedures

Answer 5

needle - brain, breast, muscle

smear - cervix or buccal

incision - skin, mouth

endoscopic - lungs

transvascular - heart

curettage - endometrial lining

Question 6

stains for tissues?

Answer 6

haematoxylin - basic dye stains acid components purple (nucleolus)

eosin - stains basic components pink (proteins)

periodic acid schiff - special stain, pink, shows glycoproteins (goblet cells)

Question 7

what is the significance of breslow thickness?

Answer 7

measures the depth of melanoma from granular layer of epidermis

<1mm low risk - 95-100% survival over 5 years

1-2mm - 80-96% survival over 5 years

> 4mm high risk - <50% over 5 years

Question 8

list types of epithelia

Answer 8

simple squamous

simple cuboidal

simple columnar

stratified squamous

stratified cuboidal

pseudo stratified

transitional

Question 9

provides simple lining, it can allow for exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients & metabolites.
lines the heart and the blood vessels, as well as the pleural & perineal cavities

Answer 9

simple squamous

Question 10

lining & secretory activities (e.g., hormone & enzyme release)
found in ducts & exocrine glands, kidney tubules and in the parenchyma of most glands!

Answer 10

simple cuboidal

Question 11

the secretion of enzymes & mucus & absorption of nutrients & fluids
lines the gastro-intestinal tract & large execratory ducts of glands

Answer 11

simple columnar

Question 12

protects against mechanical trauma & water loss
it can be keratinised -> epidermis of skin // OR non-keratinised -> in buccal cavity!

Answer 12

stratified squamous

Question 13

Lining & secretion - In the upper respiratory tract
For sensory reception - The roof of the nasal cavity & ear!

Answer 13

pseudo stratified

Question 14

only found in the urinary bladder and the ureters, allowing for distension of these organs, and protection of underlying tissues.

Answer 14

transitional

Question 15

how many skin layers are there?

Answer 15

4 (5 in thick skin)

corneum > lucidum (TS) > granulosum> spinosum> basale

Question 16

microvilli

Answer 16

allow for increased surface area

Question 17

cilia

Answer 17

for movement of substances or sensory