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7262 MS Block 1 > Inman Pharmacology > Flashcards

Inman Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

___ are compounds structurally related to products found in opium

A

opiates

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2
Q

__ are agents, regardless of chemical structure that have pharmacological actions of a natural opiate

A

opioids

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3
Q

morphine, codeine, and heroin are __

a. opiates
b. opioids

A

a. opiates

structurally related to products found in opium

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4
Q

enkephalins and endorphins are __

a. opiates
b. opioids

A

b. opioids

regardless of chemical structure have pharmacological actions of natural opiate

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5
Q

Which endogenous opioids bind delta receptors?

dynorphins, endorphins, enkephalins?

A

enkephalins

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6
Q

Which endogenous opioids bind mu receptors?

dynorphins, endorphins, enkephalins?

A

endorphins

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7
Q

Which endogenous opioids bind kappa receptors?

dynorphins, endorphins, enkephalins

A

dynorphins

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8
Q

Opioid receptors are what type of receptors?

A

GCPRs

inhibit adenylyl cyclase, activate phospholipase C, inactivate calcium channels, activate K channels, activate MAP kinase

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9
Q

Opioids __ potassium ion channels

a. activate
b. inactivate

A

a. activate

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10
Q

opioids __ calcium ion channels

a. activate
b. inactivate

A

b. inactivate

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11
Q

Which two opioid receptor types cause pinpoint pupils?

A

mu

kappa

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12
Q

Which two opioid receptor types cause constipation?

A

mu

kappa

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13
Q

Which two opioid receptor types cause respiratory depression?

A

mu

delta

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14
Q

Which opioid receptor type causes dysphoria?

A

kappa

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15
Q

Opioids increase pain threshold by inhibiting release of __ in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

A

substance P

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16
Q

High doses of morphine like opiates in ___ can cause myoclonus and seizures

a. newborns
b. adults

A

b. adults

17
Q

Opioid convulsions in newborn:

A

epileptiform EEG

occasional seizure

18
Q

What is the primary cause of morbidity related to opioid therapy ?

A

respiratory depression

use with caution in pts with asthma, COPD< and other preexisting respiratory conditions

19
Q

With opioids mydriasis (dilation) of pupils will occur with onset of ___

A

asphyxia

directly stimulate chemoreceptor trigger zone in the area postrema

20
Q

All clinically useful opioid agonists produce some degree of nausea and vomiting.

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

21
Q

Do opioids cause loss of libido?

A

yes

decrease testosterone, cortisol and gonadotrophin in males, decrease LH and FSH in females

22
Q

Route of administration for morphine?

A

any route of administration

23
Q

Morphine absorption?

A

slow and erratic, significant first pass metabolism

24
Q

Morphine distribution?

A

rapidly enters all tissue, including fetuses

25
Q

Is methadone stronger or weaker than morphine?

A

equipotent in analgesia

26
Q

Does methadone or morphine have longer duration of action?

A

methadone

less euphoria

27
Q

Which opioid is more likely to produce delirium?

A

meperidine

28
Q

Is meperidine used for short or long term management of acute pain?

A

short term

29
Q

Does tramadol raise or lower seizure threshold?

A

lower

can cause seizures

30
Q

Does tramadol cause more or less respiratory suppression than morphine?

A

less

31
Q

What CYP metabolizes tramadol?

A

2D6

32
Q

3 kappa agonist/mu antagonists:

BNP

A

B - butorphanol
N - nalbuphine
P - pentazocine

33
Q

Which mu antagonist is used to reverse coma and respiratory depression of opiate overdose?

A

naloxone

34
Q

What is half life of naloxone?

A

30-80mins

35
Q

What is duration of action for naltrexone?

A

24 hours

36
Q

What is naltrexone used for?

A

rapid detoxification

7262 MS Block 1 (11 decks)

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