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paper 2 pe-mr smith > injury rehabiliation > Flashcards

injury rehabiliation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of sport injuries

A

acute and chronic

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2
Q

acute injury

A

occurs suddenly during exercise and is normally from one single movement

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3
Q

examples of acute injuries

A

dislocation
fracture

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4
Q

symptoms of acute injuries

A

swelling
immediate pain
reduced movement
(SIR)

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5
Q

spiral fracture (acute injury)

A

occurs when torque (rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone

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6
Q

all types of acute injuries (COCSBLG)

A

closed
open
commiuted
spiral
longitudinal
buckle
greenstick

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7
Q

what is a bone fracture

A

break or crack in bone

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8
Q

open fracture

A

when bone damages or penetrates tissue of skin

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9
Q

closed fracture

A

break remains inside skin and doesn’t damage tissue

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10
Q

ligaments

A

hold joint in place

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11
Q

where is most frequently dislocated

A

shoulder
knee

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12
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone

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13
Q

symptoms of dislocation

A

deformation
pain
swelling
(DPS)

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14
Q

causes of dislocation

A

falls, heavy impacts

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15
Q

greenstick

A

-occurs in children
-bone partly fractures on one side but doesnt break
-bones are fragile and softer and easier to bend in children

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16
Q

commuited fracture

A

bone breaks into 3 or more pieces

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17
Q

longitudinal fracture

A

break that occurs along the length of the bone

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18
Q

buckle fracture

A

occurs in children
bone deforms but doesn’t break

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19
Q

dislocation

A

where ends of bones are forced out of position

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20
Q

strains

A

called ‘torn muscle’
where muscle fibres stretched too far and tear
occurs when performer accelerates and decelerates

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21
Q

sprains

A

occurs when ligament stretched too far or tears

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22
Q

chronic injuries

A

occur after long time from repeated movements

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23
Q

examples of chronic inuries

A

archilles tenositis
stress fracture
tennis elbow

24
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone

25
Achilles tendonitis
over-use injury pain and inflammation of tendon achilles tendon located at back of angle longest tendon in body used for walking and running
26
stress fracture
-over use injury -area becomes swollen -muscles bcome fatigued and no longer able to absorb added shock from exercise
27
tennis elbow
-over-use injury -occurs in wrist -msucles and tendons inflamed and tiny tear at elbow -often occurs in tennis
28
injury prevention methods
screening protective equipemnt warm up
29
screening
-help those at risk of complications from exercise -help detect problem before symptoms occur -CRY heart scanning-young athletes -ECG-asses and monitor performers heart -screening assesses muscle imbalances, core strength, range of joint movement
30
dis of screening
-not always 100% accurate -may miss problem(false negative) -identify problem that doesn't exist(false positive)
31
protective equipment
football-shin pads hockey-pads, shin guards, helmet rugby-scrum cap, gum shield
32
warm up
-increases elasticity -stage 1-cardiovascualr exercise e.g jogging -that gently increase HR -stage 2-stretching -stage 3-moving patterns e.g shooting practice
33
all types of stretching
-active -passive -static -ballistic
34
active stretching
-involves performer working on one joint, pushing it beyond its point of resistance, lengthening muscles and connective tissue surrounding it.
35
passive stretching
-when stretch occurs with the help of an external force e.g partner
36
static stretching
stretching with no movement involves holding a position e.g plank
37
ballistic stretching
performing a stretch with bouncing and swinging movements good for performers who need lot of flexibility e.g gymnast
38
taping and bracing
helps with support and stability reduces risk of injury tape on muscles=more elastic
39
injury rehabilitation methods
proprioceptive training strength training hyperbaric chambers cryotherapy hydrotherapy
40
proprioceptive training
-focuses on exercises that unblance body and require control -uses hopping, jumping and balance exercises to restore lost proprioceptors -e.g balance board that wobbles strengthens joint of ankle
41
strength training
-uses resistance -resistance may be weight machines, free weights, use of TheraBands
42
example of free weights
-dumbells,kettlebells
43
machine weights
machine has most of the control used in early stages of an injury
44
bodyweight
using body as resistance e.g plank improves core strength
45
TheraBands
made of latex can have different strengths light resistance used at rehabilitation slowly more resistance is added
46
hyperbaric chambers
-reduces recovery time of an injury -chamber is pressured and has 100% pure oxygen rather then normal 21% -pressure increases amount of oxygen meaning more oxygen can be diffused in injured area -reduces swelling -increasepressure increase ressure gradiet more oxygen able to breath in combination of increased 02 and pressure means oxygen able ton penetrate through blood vessels and tissues reciveing oxgen in injured area
47
cryotherapy
-use of cooling to treat injuries -betweeen limbs and core -when in=towards core -when out=towards limbs -involves RICE rest, ice, compression, elevation -ice baths also form of cryotherapy -uses chambers -chamber cooled by liquid nitrogen to temp below -100c -athlete stays in for 3 minutes -cold makes body react as if hypothermic blood shunted away from limbs towards core maintain core temp -blood from arms and legs move to core to keep warm and protect organs from cold -leaving chamber, blood goes back to arms and legs full of oxygen helping injury
48
hydrotherapy
-takes place in warm water -used to improve blood circulation -relieves pain and relaxes muscles -heated to approx 35c -buoyancy of water helps to support body weight -resistance of water=strength developed -examples include squats and walking -quicker exercises are done, more resistance there is from water
49
what is the relationship between speed and drag
as speed increases, so does drag
50
surface drag
friction between surface of object and liquid/gas its travelling through
51
ways to reduce surface drag
tight clothing as made of materials with low surface drag thin bike tyres
52
form drag
force exerted by fluid or gas on objects leading edge
53
relationship between streamline and drag
less streamlined something is, the more drag
54
how can cyclist reduce their from drag
lean forwards
55
reducing drag (cross sectional area)
cross sectional area -smaller cross secotional area, reduces drag crouching down low makes cross sectional area as small as possible helpong them reach high veloctiy and reducing drag
56
shape and surface of moving object
making shape of an object or body more streamlined and aerodynamic reduces drag and increase velocity -can be done by tight fitting clothing meaning low drag material specifically shaped helmets
57
Bernoulli principle-downward lift force

paper 2 pe-mr smith (5 decks)

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