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paper 2 pe-mr smith > injury rehabiliation > Flashcards

injury rehabiliation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of sport injuries

A

acute and chronic

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2
Q

acute injury

A

occurs suddenly during exercise and is normally from one single movement

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3
Q

examples of acute injuries

A

dislocation
fracture

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4
Q

symptoms of acute injuries

A

swelling
immediate pain
reduced movement
(SIR)

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5
Q

spiral fracture (acute injury)

A

occurs when torque (rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone

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6
Q

all types of acute injuries (COCSBLG)

A

closed
open
commiuted
spiral
longitudinal
buckle
greenstick

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7
Q

what is a bone fracture

A

break or crack in bone

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8
Q

open fracture

A

when bone damages or penetrates tissue of skin

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9
Q

closed fracture

A

break remains inside skin and doesn’t damage tissue

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10
Q

ligaments

A

hold joint in place

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11
Q

where is most frequently dislocated

A

shoulder
knee

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12
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone

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13
Q

symptoms of dislocation

A

deformation
pain
swelling
(DPS)

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14
Q

causes of dislocation

A

falls, heavy impacts

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15
Q

greenstick

A

-occurs in children
-bone partly fractures on one side but doesnt break
-bones are fragile and softer and easier to bend in children

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16
Q

commuited fracture

A

bone breaks into 3 or more pieces

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17
Q

longitudinal fracture

A

break that occurs along the length of the bone

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18
Q

buckle fracture

A

occurs in children
bone deforms but doesn’t break

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19
Q

dislocation

A

where ends of bones are forced out of position

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20
Q

strains

A

called ‘torn muscle’
where muscle fibres stretched too far and tear
occurs when performer accelerates and decelerates

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21
Q

sprains

A

occurs when ligament stretched too far or tears

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22
Q

chronic injuries

A

occur after long time from repeated movements

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23
Q

examples of chronic inuries

A

archilles tenositis
stress fracture
tennis elbow

24
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone

25
Q

Achilles tendonitis

A

over-use injury
pain and inflammation of tendon
achilles tendon located at back of angle
longest tendon in body
used for walking and running

26
Q

stress fracture

A

-over use injury
-area becomes swollen
-muscles bcome fatigued and no longer able to absorb added shock from exercise

27
Q

tennis elbow

A

-over-use injury
-occurs in wrist
-msucles and tendons inflamed and tiny tear at elbow
-often occurs in tennis

28
Q

injury prevention methods

A

screening
protective equipemnt
warm up

29
Q

screening

A

-help those at risk of complications from exercise
-help detect problem before symptoms occur
-CRY heart scanning-young athletes
-ECG-asses and monitor performers heart
-screening assesses muscle imbalances, core strength, range of joint movement

30
Q

dis of screening

A

-not always 100% accurate
-may miss problem(false negative)
-identify problem that doesn’t exist(false positive)

31
Q

protective equipment

A

football-shin pads
hockey-pads, shin guards, helmet
rugby-scrum cap, gum shield

32
Q

warm up

A

-increases elasticity
-stage 1-cardiovascualr exercise e.g jogging
-that gently increase HR
-stage 2-stretching
-stage 3-moving patterns e.g shooting practice

33
Q

all types of stretching

A

-active
-passive
-static
-ballistic

34
Q

active stretching

A

-involves performer working on one joint, pushing it beyond its point of resistance, lengthening muscles and connective tissue surrounding it.

35
Q

passive stretching

A

-when stretch occurs with the help of an external force e.g partner

36
Q

static stretching

A

stretching with no movement
involves holding a position
e.g plank

37
Q

ballistic stretching

A

performing a stretch with bouncing and swinging movements
good for performers who need lot of flexibility e.g gymnast

38
Q

taping and bracing

A

helps with support and stability
reduces risk of injury
tape on muscles=more elastic

39
Q

injury rehabilitation methods

A

proprioceptive training
strength training
hyperbaric chambers
cryotherapy
hydrotherapy

40
Q

proprioceptive training

A

-focuses on exercises that unblance body and require control
-uses hopping, jumping and balance exercises to restore lost proprioceptors
-e.g balance board that wobbles strengthens joint of ankle

41
Q

strength training

A

-uses resistance
-resistance may be weight machines, free weights, use of TheraBands

42
Q

example of free weights

A

-dumbells,kettlebells

43
Q

machine weights

A

machine has most of the control
used in early stages of an injury

44
Q

bodyweight

A

using body as resistance
e.g plank
improves core strength

45
Q

TheraBands

A

made of latex
can have different strengths
light resistance used at rehabilitation
slowly more resistance is added

46
Q

hyperbaric chambers

A

-reduces recovery time of an injury
-chamber is pressured and has 100% pure oxygen rather then normal 21%
-pressure increases amount of oxygen meaning more oxygen can be diffused in injured area
-reduces swelling
-increasepressure
increase ressure gradiet
more oxygen able to breath in
combination of increased 02 and pressure means oxygen able ton penetrate through blood vessels and tissues reciveing oxgen in injured area

47
Q

cryotherapy

A

-use of cooling to treat injuries
-betweeen limbs and core
-when in=towards core
-when out=towards limbs
-involves RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
-ice baths also form of cryotherapy
-uses chambers
-chamber cooled by liquid nitrogen to temp below -100c
-athlete stays in for 3 minutes
-cold makes body react as if hypothermic
blood shunted away from limbs towards core maintain core temp
-blood from arms and legs move to core to keep warm and protect organs from cold
-leaving chamber, blood goes back to arms and legs full of oxygen helping injury

48
Q

hydrotherapy

A

-takes place in warm water
-used to improve blood circulation
-relieves pain and relaxes muscles
-heated to approx 35c
-buoyancy of water helps to support body weight
-resistance of water=strength developed
-examples include squats and walking
-quicker exercises are done, more resistance there is from water

49
Q

what is the relationship between speed and drag

A

as speed increases, so does drag

50
Q

surface drag

A

friction between surface of object and liquid/gas its travelling through

51
Q

ways to reduce surface drag

A

tight clothing as made of materials with low surface drag
thin bike tyres

52
Q

form drag

A

force exerted by fluid or gas on objects leading edge

53
Q

relationship between streamline and drag

A

less streamlined something is, the more drag

54
Q

how can cyclist reduce their from drag

A

lean forwards

55
Q

reducing drag (cross sectional area)

A

cross sectional area
-smaller cross secotional area, reduces drag
crouching down low makes cross sectional area as small as possible helpong them reach high veloctiy and reducing drag

56
Q

shape and surface of moving object

A

making shape of an object or body more streamlined and aerodynamic reduces drag and increase velocity
-can be done by tight fitting clothing meaning low drag material
specifically shaped helmets

57
Q

Bernoulli principle-downward lift force

A

paper 2 pe-mr smith (5 decks)

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