injury prevention Flashcards
How is injury a public health problem?
- personal and social costs
- financial costs (injury is expensive)
what is an accident?
something that is unforeseen, a random occurrence that cannot be controlled
ex. equipment failure, or slippery playing surface
what is an injury?
Varies from sport to sport
ex. a wrist injury in basketball (one incident)v. wrist injury in tennis (overuse injury)
Define injury
no agreed upon definition; each study will have a different definition
Criteria:
- sport component
- medical consultation
- time list from participation
what is primary prevention?
any action taken prior to sport injury
- usually includes an entire population
ex. rules and regulations; protective equipment
what is secondary prevention?
Recognizing individuals that have one or more risk factors and are deemed to be at elevated risk for sport injury
What was the maddison and prapavessis study?
was a study that tried a stress management intervention with rugby players who were low in social support and high in avoidance coping skills
what is Tertiary prevention?
athletes need to be treated as soon as possible after an injury to prevent long term problems
Why do we need injury prevention programs?
Reduce risk of noncontact and indirect-contact injuries
Improve biomechanics, muscle activation, and decrease landing impact forces
Improve balance
Improve strength and power
Improve functional performance
- ex. Vertical-jump height, hop distance and speed, VO2 max, spring speed
NATA injury prevention position statement:
Rehab Specialist should provide FEEDBACK (i.e., land softly) on movement technique in at least 3 of the following:
Strength
Plyometrics
Agility
Balance
Flexibility
What is wrong with the NATA prevention statement?
it does not address any psychological or social parts of injury prevention
- research shows that psychological based interventions lead to reduced injury
What should interventions focus on?
-altering cognitive appraisal of stressful events
- modify the physiological and attentional aspects of the stress response
Practical implications to interventions?
- all personnel in an athlete’s career should be educated about the psychological factors that can contribute to injury
- should introduce group/individual sessions during the offseason
-introduce components that might lessen the impact of pre-injury factors
what personnel need to know about intervention methods?
coaches, family members, athletic trainers, teammates and the athlete themselves
why do we need to educate about interventions during the offseason?
less stressful time period; learning without adding any stress
What are the types of interventions?
- somatic techniques
- cognitive techniques
- under arousal
What are somatic techniques?
- muscle to mind - focusing on bodily aspects
- make sure an athlete is not holding breath because that increases muscle tension leading to injury \
- this decreases oxygen demand and uses less effort/ energy to breath
Results of somatic techniques:
relaxes muscles, provides a mental break, renews energy, and distracts from stimuli
somatic technique examples
- breath control
- progressive muscle relaxation (can be related to sport)
- biofeedback ( has visual feedback to help athletes stay in a target zone of arousal)
- used to control physiological states and autonomic processes
What are cognitive techniques?
- mind to muscle - focus on efferent nerve control
- uses autogenic training
- produces sensations of warmth and heaviness
- Phases:
Heavy extremities, warm extremities, regulated HR, regulated breathing, warm abdomen, cool forehead
cognitive technique examples:
- relaxation and meditation videos or visual imagery
What are symptoms of under arousal?
sluggish posture
easily distracted
lack of concern for own performances
lack of enthusiasm
(do not confuse with personality traits)
what are techniques used to counter under arousal?
increase breathing rate
key mood words
positive statements
music
fake it till you make it
energizing imagery
