Injury In Sport

Question 1

Intrinsic factors

Answer 1

1) age
2) sex
3) body weight
4) muscle weakness
5) poor flexibility

Question 2

Extrinsic factors

Answer 2

1) training methods
2) training volume
3) inappropriate playing surfaces
4) inappropriate equipment
5) environmental conditions

Question 3

Hyperbaric Chambers

Answer 3

• delivers oxygen at a very high pressure- 100% pure oxygen
• haemoglobin within the red blood cells become fully saturated
• any excess oxygen is dissolved into plasma
• the high concentration of oxygen reaches body areas that are not normally reached
• faster cell turnover

Question 4

What injuries do Hyperbaric chambers treat?

Answer 4

1) soft tissue (swelling)
2) tendon and ligament damage
3) tissue infections

Question 5

Ice baths

Answer 5

• they treat swelling and soreness- speed recovery
• constricts blood vessels, effectively squeezing and draining the waste products away
• exiting the ice bath then invokes a blood rush and fresh oxygenated blood flushes the body

Question 6

Oxygen Tents

Answer 6

• they mimic conditions at altitude
• they can regulate the amount of oxygen that is available
• it helps increase the red blood cell production which allows fitness to be maintained

Question 7

DOMs

Answer 7

• the result of structural damage to muscle fibres and connective tissues
• it usually occurs after excessive eccentric contraction when muscle fibres are put under a lot of strain

Question 8

How can you prevent DOMs?

Answer 8

1) warm up throughly and cool down
2) progress from low intensity to high intensity
3) gradually build up the intensity
4) little amount of eccentric contraction performed early in the training session

Question 9

Explain how the use of an ice bath can help reduce the ‘delayed onset of muscle soreness’ (DOMS).

(4 marks)

Answer 9

A. (Involves sitting in ice cold water for) between 5 – 20 minutes

B. Causes blood vessels to tighten/decreases metabolic activity/vasoconstriction

C. Restricting blood flow to the area

D. Reduces swelling/tissue breakdown/aids muscle repair

E. After leaving the ice bath, area is flooded with new blood/vasodilation

F. Fresh oxygen removes lactic acid (when out of the ice bath)

G. Some studies suggest ice baths of limited value

Question 10

How may hyperbaric chambers aid injury rehabilitation? (3 marks)

Answer 10

A. Reduces pressure at injured area/reduces swelling

B. (Chamber) delivers oxygen at high pressure

C. Approximately 2.5 more times than normal/100% pure oxygen

D. Haemoglobin/red blood cells fully saturated with oxygen

E. Excess oxygen dissolved in plasma

F. Oxygen reaches parts of body that not normally saturated

G. Increased white blood cell activity at injury site

H. Increased blood supply/formation of new blood cells

Question 10

How can a performer reduce the effects of delayed onset of muscle soreness
DOMS)? (3 marks)

Answer 10

A. Active warm-up/Active warm-down/cool down/stretching
B. Avoid eccentric contractions early in session
C. Gradually increase intensity of workload
D. Massage
E. Ice baths