INJURIES AND DZ

Question 1

• Dystocia is often accompanied by

Answer 1

uterine inertia

Question 2

serious complication of 3rd stage of labor

Answer 2

prolapse of uterus

Question 3

important conditions that follow delivery of the fetus

Answer 3

o uterus prolapse
o retention of the afterbirth
o puerperal infection

Question 4

T/F all species puerperal animals may incur embolic pneumonia, toxaemia, septicaemia and pyemia as sequels to uterine infection

Answer 4

t

Question 5

A difficult foaling may be followed by ____ or ___

Answer 5

laminitis or tetanus

Question 6

• most frequent basic cause of parturient and post- parturient disease –>

Answer 6

delay in giving obstetric aid to dystocia cases

Question 7

T/F - Bleeding from the fetal side of the placenta in natural separation of the afterbirth is only likely in carnivora where breakdown of the marginal haematoma is accompanied by a green or brown discharge of altered blood

Answer 7

maternal side

Question 8

Bleeding from the maternal side of the placenta in natural separation of the afterbirth is only likely in carnivora where breakdown of the _____ is accompanied by a green or brown discharge of altered blood

Answer 8

marginal haematoma

Question 9

T/F - Because of the histological form of the epitheliochorial and synepithelial chorial placentae of horses, swine and ruminants, significant haemorrhage from the capillary plexuses around the crypts can occur only when excessive force is used in early removal of a cotyledonary-type afterbirth

Answer 9

t

Question 10

• In veterinary obstetrics, the usual cause of serious haemorrage is ___ by a fetal appendage

Answer 10

laceration of a uterine blood vessel

Question 11

• Such haemorrhage from the ___ does not affect the dam, but the young animal is thereby deprived of a natural blood transfusion and this could be the cause of cerebral anoxia in newborn foals.

Answer 11

allantochorion

Question 12

• when profuse haemorrhage is occurring from a uterine laceration, prompt contraction of the uterus should be promoted by means of an injection of ___

Answer 12

oxytocin

Question 13

• General symptoms of severe haemorrhage and shock can be counteracted by ____ from a neighbouring animal

Answer 13

blood transfusion (4–5 litres)

Question 14

Fatal haemorrhage from vessels in the broad ligament has been seen in the __ and ___

Answer 14

mare and cow

Question 15

Any part of the birth canal may suffer contusion during forcible extraction of the fetus, but the __ and ___ are more likely to be lacerated than the dilatable vagina.

Answer 15

cervix and vulva

Question 16

• The ___ surrounding the vagina of heifers of the beef breeds makes them prone to vaginal contusion when the fetus is oversized

Answer 16

retroperitoneal fat

Question 17

causative agent of necrotic vaginitis

Answer 17

fusiformis necrophorum

Question 18

CS: continuous, exhausting straining and marked toxemia.

Answer 18

necrotic vaginitis

Question 19

o Gives relief in straining tx

Answer 19

• Caudal epidural using xylazine

Question 20

T/F wounds of vulva and perineum are hard to suture

Answer 20

false

Question 21

suture material used in vulva and perineum are the ff except
nylon
monofilament
non absorb
multifilament
absorbable

Answer 21

last 2

Question 22

• If lacerations of the vulva and perineum are left unstutured, scar tissue formation and distortion impede the ____ of the vulva, with consequent aspiration of air, __ and ___ –> more complicated operation will be required

Answer 22

sphincter action
vaginitis, and metritis

Question 23

• sequel to contusion of the submucous tissue during delivery. in cows that resembles fibromata

Answer 23

hematomata

Question 24

• One lip of the vulva is usually affected and an obvious round swelling occupies the vulva orifice.

Answer 24

hematomata

Question 25

hematomata may arise spontaneously in cows

Answer 25

mares

Question 26

hematomata occurs __ to __ wks after parturition

Answer 26

4-6

Question 27

occur during the second stage of labour in both the cow and the mare mostly in primiparous animals

Answer 27

perineal injuries

Question 28

classification of perineal injury rare in mares

Answer 28

2nd degree

Question 29

classification of perineal injury common in mares

Answer 29

3rd degree

Question 30

rectovaginal fistulae is more frequent in ___ than in __

Answer 30

mare

Cows

Question 31

• Such lesions destroy the sphincteric effect of the vulva and lead to aspiration of air into the vagina, even though the integrity of the anus is not im-paired

Answer 31

perineal injury

Question 32

Experience suggests that simple rectovaginal fistulae without damage to the anal sphincter are uncommon spontaneous injuries to ___, although they occur as developmental anomalies in cases of anal atresia

Answer 32

cattle

Question 33

T.F perineal injuries In cattle is caused by perforation of the vaginal roof by the fetal forelimb

Answer 33

F. Mares

Question 34

Mares in which a Caslick closure of the upper vulval commissure is not reopened before foaling may have tear extending ventrally from the vulva, as in cows.

Answer 34

dorsally

Question 35

T/F - third-degree tears are the most common perineal injury in the mare but rectovaginal fistula formation is still more frequent in the mare than the cow

Answer 35

true

Question 36

3rd-degree defects are rare in the mare but not uncommon in cows

Answer 36

2nd degree

Question 37

• Third-degree tears with destruction of the sphincter and rectovaginal fistulae should undergo reconstruction asap

Answer 37

be left to heal by granulation and surgical reconstruction can be undertaken later if necessary.

Question 38

• clinical effects of a third-degree defect are two-fold which are:

Answer 38

o continuous aspiration of air into the vagina and contamination of the vaginal lumen with faecal fluids
o accumulation of faecal boluses in its terminal segment (worse)

Question 39

o lead to pooling of urine cranial to the external urethral meatus.

Answer 39

pneumovagina

Question 40

o Causes bacterial contamination and ascending infection in genital tract

Answer 40

pneumovagina