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B1 Biology > inherited characteristics > Flashcards

inherited characteristics Flashcards

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1
Q

alleles are different versions of…

A

the same gene

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2
Q

name characteristics that can be inherited

A

eyes, ears nose, colour of hair, facial features

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3
Q

what do dominant and recessive characteristics depend on?

A

dominant and recessive alleles

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4
Q

when are dominant alleles shown?

A

when present but recessive alleles are only shown in the absence of the dominant allele

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5
Q

what does a gene determine?

A

the characteristics of an off spring

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6
Q

what does dominant mean?

A

a dominant trait or gene

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7
Q

what does recessive mean?

A

the gene will only be effective if another gene (dominant gene) is present

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8
Q

each inherited characteristic is controlled by its genes

A

memorise

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9
Q

give examples of characteristics that are not inherited, but are caused by their environment

A

accent, scar

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10
Q

give examples of characteristics that are both effected by inheritance and by their environment

A

height, intelligence, body mass

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11
Q

name 3 disorders that are inherited

A

red-green colour blindness(colour blindness where red and green look the same), sickle cell anaemia( a mutated form of haemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels), cystic fibrosis (difficulty in breathing because his body produces too much mucus, which collects in the lungs

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12
Q

complete this sentence…most body cells have the same number of…

A

chromosomes

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13
Q

complete this sentence…the number of chromosomes depend on the…

A

species

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14
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs 46 individual

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15
Q

where are chromosomes found?

A

in the nucleus of cells

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16
Q

what do chromosomes have in them?

A

genes

17
Q

what sex chromosomes do women have?

A

YY

18
Q

what sex chromosomes do men have?

A

XY

19
Q

complete this sentence…a sperm will either carry an…

A

X or Y chromosome

20
Q

complete this sentence…all eggs will carry an…

A

X chromosome

21
Q

what pair of chromosomes determines a boy and a girl?

A

XX for females and XY or YX for males

22
Q

why is their an equal chance of off spring being male or female?

A

because their is a random chance of which sperm fertilises the egg

23
Q

what is genetic variation caused by (3 points)?

A

genes being mixed up when gametes are formed, genes coming from two parents (fertilisation) and changes in genes or chromosomes called mutations

24
Q

what does homozygous mean?

A

having identical alleles

25
Q

what does heterozygous mean?

A

having different alleles

26
Q

what is a persons genotype?

A

is their genetic make-up

27
Q

what is a persons phenotype?

A

there alleles which are expressed

28
Q

what are inherited disorders caused by?

A

faulty genes

29
Q

name a personal issue when knowing if your baby has a disorder before birth?

A

in deciding to have a genetic test a positive result could alter lifestyle, career and insurance.

30
Q

name another personal issue when knowing if your baby has a disorder before birth?

A

by knowing the risks of passing on an inherited disorder could effect whether to have a baby or not

31
Q

it is impossible to predict the probability of inheriting such disorders by interpreting genetic diagrams

A

memorise

32
Q

which one of these is mostly a faulty gene? the dominant or recessive

A

recessive

33
Q

how many chromosomes do gametes (germ cells; sperm and egg) have?

A

23

34
Q

why are the number of chromosomes in a cell usually an even number?

A

so chromosomes separate when egg and sperm are formed

35
Q

how many chromosomes does a fertilised egg have?

A

46

36
Q

complete this sentence…genes are in chromosomes in the nucleus of every cell apart from?

A

red blood cells

37
Q

dominant is more dominant than a recessive

A

memorise

38
Q

a recessive allele is a denatured allele e.g. Aa not AA

A

memorise

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