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B1 Biology > staying healthy > Flashcards

staying healthy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what can reduce the risk of some cancers? what can reduce the risk of lung cancer? what can reduce the risk of skin cancer?

A

changes in lifestyle and diet can reduce the risk of some cancers. Not smoking reduces the risk of lung cancer. Using sunscreen reduces risk of skin cancer

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2
Q

what do pathogens do to us?

A

they produce the symptoms of an infectious disease by damaging the body’s cells or producing poisonous waste.

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3
Q

how does the body protect itself?

A

by producing antibodies which lock onto antigens on the surface of pathogens such as bacterium. This kills the pathogen.

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4
Q

what do human white blood cells produce?

A

antibiotics resulting in active immunity.

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5
Q

what does each pathogen have?

A

has its own antigens so a specific antibody is needed for each pathogen.

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6
Q

the process of immunisation is also called…

A

vaccination

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7
Q

what does an antibiotic drug do? and what does an antiviral drug do?

A

a pathogen; an antiviral drug slows down the pathogen’s development

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8
Q

what is a placebo?

A

a placebo is a harmless pill

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9
Q

what are placebos used for?

A

placebos are used as a comparison in drug testing so the effect of a new drug can be assessed

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10
Q

what is malaria caused by?

A

a protozoan called plasmodium

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11
Q

what does a plasmodium do?

A

feeds on red blood cells

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12
Q

what is plasmodium carried by?

A

mosquitos

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13
Q

how is plasmodium transferred from the vector to the human?

A

via a bite

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14
Q

what is another name for a mosquito in a food chain?

A

a vector

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15
Q

what is a vector that carries a disease?

A

an animal that cant be affected by the disease

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16
Q

what are malignant cancers?

A

ones that the cells display uncontrolled growth and may spread

17
Q

name a tumour that is harmless and why is it harmless?

A

begnin tumor, such as in warts, because they divide slowly and are harmless

18
Q

what is a blind trial?

A

where the patient doesn’t know whether they’re receiving the real one or the placebo

19
Q

what is a double blind trial?

A

where the patient and the doctor don’t know which drug is the real one

20
Q

what causes a disease?

A

a microorgansim

21
Q

what are micro-organisms that spread disease called?

A

pathogens

22
Q

what are the four types of pathogens?

A

fungi-athletes foot
bacteria-cholera
-viruses-flu
-protozoa-malaria

23
Q

explain the term contagious

A

the disease spreads directly from person to person

24
Q

what are diseases not caused by pathogens called?

A

non infectious

25
Q

what 4 things keep us safe from pathogens?

A
  • skin-pathogens cant get through
  • hydrochloric acid in stomach
  • sticky mucus lines mucus membranes in breathing system, trapping pathogens
  • blood clots seal wounds
26
Q

what is a vector?

A

an animal like a mosquito that carrys microorganisms but doesent get the disease,

27
Q

what are mosquitoes vectors for?

A

malaria

28
Q

what is malaria caused by?

A

a protozoan called plasmodium falciparum

29
Q

what is this carried by?

A

female mosquitoes

30
Q

what is plasmodium

A

a parasite, which lives in a host causing it harm

31
Q

how to female mosquitoes transmit plasmodium?

A

they feed on human blood using sharp mouth parts to pierce the skin. Some of the plasmodium parasites are left in the hosts blood. Here they feed on red blood cells causing fever in the host.

32
Q

why do we have vitamin c in our diet?

A

to prevent scurvy

33
Q

why do we have iron in our diet?

A

to avoid anaemia

34
Q

where do mosquitoes live?

A

in stagneant water

35
Q

how do we prevent mosquito from spreading diseases?

A

drain stagnent wate, or put oil on the water surface to pervent the larvea from breathing

36
Q

what causes cancer?

A

cells dividing out of control. The new cells may be off shapes and form tumours

37
Q

what is active immunity?

A

where the white blood cells will recognise the pathogen and quickly make lots of antibodies

38
Q

describe active and passive immunity

A

passive doesent last long but is very effective. active lasts long but takes a few weeks to be affective

B1 Biology (9 decks)

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