Inheritance, Variation and Evolution

Question 1

What are the gametes involved in sexual reproduction in plants and animals?

Answer 1

• Sperm and egg cells in animals

- Pollen and egg cells in flowering plants.

Question 2

What is the offspring of sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

A mix of the parents genetic information

Question 3

What is the offspring of asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

An identical genetic clone of the parent

Question 4

In forming gametes for sexual reproduction what form of division is used?

Answer 4

Meiosis

Question 5

In asexual reproduction which form of cell division is used?

Answer 5

Mitosis

Question 6

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

• Variation
• Natural selection is better enabled by variation
• Enables selective breeding of for desired traits

Question 7

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 7

• Only one parent needed
• Faster
• More energy efficient
• Many identical offspring

Question 8

Name 3 organisms which can produce sexually and asexualy

Answer 8

• Malarial parasites
• Fungi
• Plants

Question 9

How do malarial parasites reproduce?

Answer 9

• Sexually in the vector

- Asexually in the host

Question 10

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 10

• Asexually with spores

- Sexually to induce variation

Question 11

How do plants reproduce?

Answer 11

• Sexually through seeds

- Asexually through runner or bulb division

Question 12

What is DNA?

Answer 12

DNA is a double helix polymer contained within chromosomes within the nucleus

Question 13

What is a gene?

Answer 13

A small section of DNA which codes for a specific protein from the sequence of amino acids in the chain

Question 14

What is a genome?

Answer 14

The entire genetic material of an organism

Question 15

Why is understanding the genome important?

Answer 15

• Understanding genetic diseases and inherited disorders

- Understanding the migration of early humans

Question 16

What is DNA comprised of?

Answer 16

A common sugar bonded to a phosphate group with 4 different base sugars

Question 17

What are the four titles given to the four bases?

Answer 17

C complementary to G and

T complementary to A

Question 18

What codes for a particular amino acids?

Answer 18

Three bases together which writes how the amino acids should be ordered for a protein

Question 19

How do ribosomes synthesise proteins?

Answer 19

Carrier proteins bring amino acids to the ribosome which adds these to the growing protein chain. When complete, the protein unfurls to complete their role.

Question 20

What are the effects of mutations?

Answer 20

There is minimal effect and they usually do not affect the protein’s ability to perform a function due to the frequency of mutations

Question 21

What is an allele?

Answer 21

Different forms of the same gene to produce varied characteristics

Question 22

What is it when one’s alleles are heterozygous?

Answer 22

One’s pair of alleles are different

Question 23

What is it when one’s alleles are homozygous?

Answer 23

One’s pair of alleles are the same

Question 24

What is a phenotype?

Answer 24

One’s observable characteristics resulting from their genotype and the environment- the result of multiple genes

Question 25

Name two inherited disorders

Answer 25

• Polydactyly

- Cystic fibrosis

Question 26

What is polydactyly?

Answer 26

A dominant allele which enables one to have extra fingers or toes

Question 27

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 27

A revesive allele which is a disorder of cell membranes

Question 28

What is the allele combination for sex?

Answer 28

Female- XX

Male- XY