Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Flashcards
What are the two types of reproduction
Sexual and Asexual
What is the process that forms gametes
Meiosis
What are gametes
Sex cells
What type of cell division is carried out in asexual reproduction
Mitosis
How many gametes are formed in one division of meiosis
4
What is the relationship between the parent cell and the daughter cells in meiosis
They are genetically different
What is the relationship between the parent cell and the daughter cells in mitosis
They are genetically identical
What is the genome of an organism
All the genetic material in that organism
Where is genetic material found
In the DNA, in the nucleus
What is a gene
A small section of DNA on a chromosome
What is the shape of DNA
Double helix
What is a monomer of DNA called
Nucleotide
What are the three components of a nucleotide
Phosphate, Sugar and base
What are the four bases
A, C, T, G
What bases pair with each other
A - C
T - G
What are mutations
Random changes in genes
What is an allele
A gene which codes for a specific characteristic
What is a homozygote
An individual with two identical alleles
What is a heterozygote
An individual with different alleles
What is a genotype
The genetic makeup regarding a specific characteristic e.g. Bb
What is the phenotype
The physical appearance of a person regarding a particular characteristic
What is a mutation
A random change in genes in the DNA
What does it mean if a gene is said to be expressed
When a gene codes for a protein which is synthesised
What are the sex chromosomes of a female
XX
What are the sex chromosomes of a male
XY
