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Biology > Inheritance, Variation and Evolution > Flashcards

Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of reproduction

A

Sexual and Asexual

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2
Q

What is the process that forms gametes

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

What are gametes

A

Sex cells

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4
Q

What type of cell division is carried out in asexual reproduction

A

Mitosis

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5
Q

How many gametes are formed in one division of meiosis

A

4

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6
Q

What is the relationship between the parent cell and the daughter cells in meiosis

A

They are genetically different

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7
Q

What is the relationship between the parent cell and the daughter cells in mitosis

A

They are genetically identical

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8
Q

What is the genome of an organism

A

All the genetic material in that organism

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9
Q

Where is genetic material found

A

In the DNA, in the nucleus

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10
Q

What is a gene

A

A small section of DNA on a chromosome

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11
Q

What is the shape of DNA

A

Double helix

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12
Q

What is a monomer of DNA called

A

Nucleotide

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13
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide

A

Phosphate, Sugar and base

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14
Q

What are the four bases

A

A, C, T, G

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15
Q

What bases pair with each other

A

A - C
T - G

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16
Q

What are mutations

A

Random changes in genes

17
Q

What is an allele

A

A gene which codes for a specific characteristic

18
Q

What is a homozygote

A

An individual with two identical alleles

19
Q

What is a heterozygote

A

An individual with different alleles

20
Q

What is a genotype

A

The genetic makeup regarding a specific characteristic e.g. Bb

21
Q

What is the phenotype

A

The physical appearance of a person regarding a particular characteristic

22
Q

What is a mutation

A

A random change in genes in the DNA

23
Q

What does it mean if a gene is said to be expressed

A

When a gene codes for a protein which is synthesised

24
Q

What are the sex chromosomes of a female

A

XX

25
Q

What are the sex chromosomes of a male

A

XY

Biology (5 decks)

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