Infection and Response

Question 1

What is the definition of health?

Answer 1

The overall state of mental and physical well-being

Question 2

What can health be affected by?

Answer 2

Health can be affected by exercise, diet, community and partly because of genes

Question 3

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 3

A disease that can be easily spread.

Question 4

What is a pathogen?

Answer 4

A microorganism that enters the body and causes damage.

Question 5

What are the 4 types of pathogens?

Answer 5

Protist, Virus, Fungi, and Bacteria

Question 6

What are examples of a viral infection?

Answer 6

Measles, HIV, Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Question 7

What are examples of bacterial infections?

Answer 7

Salmonella, Gonorrhoea

Question 8

What are examples of protist infection?

Answer 8

Malaria, spread by vectors such as mosquitoes

Question 9

What are examples of fungi infections?

Answer 9

Athlete’s foot

Question 10

What are different ways that communicable diseases can be spread?

Answer 10

Water - stagnant water or dirty water can spread diseases

Air - many diseases are airborne such as measles

Direct contact

Question 11

What are the symptoms of measles and how can it be spread?

Answer 11

People with measles can have red rashes, and can be spread by droplets in the air when someone with measles coughs or sneezes.

It can lead to pneumonia or an inflammation of the brain.

Question 12

How can the spreading of measles be prevented?

Answer 12

Being vaccinated with MMR from a young age and keeping general hygiene (washing hands and regularly cleaning surfaces).

Question 13

What are the symptoms of HIV and how can it be spread?

Answer 13

HIV is viral, and could cause flu-like symptoms and it targets the white blood cells, damaging the immune system and later leading to AIDS.

HIV is spread by unprotected sex and sharing needles, or other types of direct contact

Question 14

What is TMV?

Answer 14

Tobacco Mosaic Virus - a viral disease in plants spread by direct contact.

It affects the level of chlorophyll, which reduces photosynthesis. This means that the plants have a lower yield and could cause stunted growth

Question 15

What is an example of a fungal disease

Answer 15

Rose black spot - affects plants and causes black spots to form on leaves. It can spread through water or through the wind.

Question 16

What is an example of a disease caused by a protist?

Answer 16

Malaria is spread via mosquitos, which are vectors

Question 17

What are the different ways that bacteria can be destroyed

Answer 17

Phagocytosis - white blood cells engulf foreign cells and digest them

Producing antibodies - when a foreign cell is detected, antibodies are produced which can lock on to the antigens on the cells and allow other white blood cells to identify and destroy them

Antitoxins can be produced which counteract harmful toxins

Question 18

How do vaccinations work

Answer 18

Vaccinations inject weakened or dead pathogens into the body, so it can produce the correct antibodies to attack them in the future.

Question 19

What are the positives of vaccinations

Answer 19

vaccinations can help control epidemics and fight against dangerous communicable diseases that were once lethal, but are now controlled

Question 20

What are some disadvantages of vaccines

Answer 20

Vaccines don’t always provide full immunity

There can be side effects and people can have bad reactions to vaccinations

Question 21

What is the difference between painkillers and antibiotics

Answer 21

Painkillers only help relieve the symptoms, and not counteract the bacteria or viruses

Antibiotics kill bacteria in the bodies. Antibiotics do not kill viruses

Question 21

What is the modern issue with antibiotics

Answer 21

Bacteria are increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics as they mutate rapidly. For example, MRSA is an example of a bacteria that is resistant to a powerful antibiotic meticillin